Design Proposal for Smartphone Technology

Design Proposal for Smartphone Technology HUMAN MOBILE Your personal invisible communication platform The goal of this project is to propose an innovative and futuristic design of new era mobile smartphone. It is been suggested that the whole device will be implanted to the human body. The aim of the following analysis and key points are the correct choice of the right materials for the task, with focus on the biocompatibility and the practicality of them. Due to the introduction of the smartphone as we know it nowadays, our daily routine has considerably improved. With a device that fits in a pocket, it is possible to communicate instantaneously with anyone that has an internet connection everywhere on the planet, use it as a precise navigator while a couple of years ago it could only be done with a separated device, make payments through i-banking and not wasting valuable time during the day to deal with common banking transactions and the list goes on and on. It is not unreasonable to say that a strong bond is developed between the user and the mobile phone. People are rarely separated from their mobile phones and use them consistently. The constant use and dependence to the mobile phone can lead to several problems which are: the requirement of carrying the device permanently, the limited battery life although the progress made the need of carrying a charger or a power bank and finally, there is the probability of theft (especially if it is a high value device) leading to the exposure of private data. The introduced design can provide total privacy, a fabulous experience in video streaming through a contact lens and leaves the word charging back to history. 3.1. Problem scope Human Mobile is a series of the micro-devices implanted into the human body, through signal transmittance from each component to achieve several functions. There are many problems to take in consideration, which are: Each device should have a relatively long life span. Reduce potential radiation. Excellent thermal diffusivity. Bio-compatibility. In conventional mobile phones, replacement the rate of the old generation by the recent one is frequent, human mobile focus on providing customer privacy and latest technology. All the devices will be implanted in the human body, so the product must be designed with a long life span. Radiation is a potential problem that many people care about, due to fact that high amounts of radiation can provoke cancerogenesis. All devices should have an excellent thermal diffusivity allowing quick heat evacuation to reduce the possibility of the devices overheat that can lead to an explosion. The most significant problem is to secure the bio-compatibility of all the parts. Nobody wants to implant an instrument in the body that can cause health issues even though it is convenient. The above parameters will affect the selection of materials. All materials must meet the conditions mentioned above. 3.2. Design requirement The human mobile consists of five main components: an ultra-thin micro Bluetooth speaker implant in the ear; a photo visual processor, in the shape of a contact lens, making it easy to put on and take off; a pressure sensor, that acts as a keyboard and mouse; a circuit board containing microchip, acting as the brain of the human mobile, responsible for transmitting signals between the processor and the outer world, it will be implanted in arms; a battery to provide electricity current, it will be implanted under the foot. All these devices will be covered by a radiation-reducing coating material, at the same time; the coating material must also have excellent thermal diffusivity. 2.2.1. Ultra-thin micro Bluetooth speaker Micro Bluetooth is implanted behind the ear, it should be as thin as possible, and the level of sounds should be lower than normal Bluetooth speaker, because high volume noises will harm the ear. 2.2.2. Photovisual processor The Photo visual processor is a contact-lens like processor, a micro OLED screen included in to provide digital photo during use, the digital photo connects with the processor sensor, and the customer enjoys an experience of touch-screen everywhere. The processor must be comfortable to the eyeballs. 2.2.3. Pressure sensor A pressure sensor implanted in the fingertip, with a microchip attached as well and according to the change of pressure from the fingertip, the pressure sensor catches the signal and the microchip process it then sends the signal to the visual processor. The sensor should be as tiny as possible to implant in the fingertip. 2.2.4. CPU This is the most important part of the human mobile; normally a CPU is occupying quite a large size when implanted it in the human body, so the implanting position must be a seldom used area, like arms or legs. At the same time, the CPU board should be relatively flexible to resist and absorb hits and shocks from the external environment. The size of it should be as small as possible. 2.2.5 Battery A battery is needed to provide current to each component. The battery must be able to provide adequate current, and at the same time to generate current as well. A piezoelectric battery is chosen; it can generate current by compression. The battery will be implanted under the foot, so people can generate current by walking. 2.2.6 Coatings The coating material is used to cover every facility that is implanted in the human body. It must be bio-compatible and non-toxic. Moreover, during the selection of the coating material, a radiation-reduced material is preferred. 3.3. Design description When customer using human mobile, the CPU will send/receive signals at first, and then transmit these signals into voice/visual form to micro speaker/visual processor. When the user would like to reply at messages, he can easily use his finger tip to type messages through a lighten keyboard provided by the visual processor. Also more entertainment purpose functions can be achieved by these facilities. For human-mobile design, a combination of cost efficiency, electrical properties, thermal expansion and density are crucial. Biocompatibility for each material is not particularly included because the electrical component will be coated with a biocompatible coating. All of those considerations were put together for an Ashby diagram to be constructed. To reduce the price for implanted surgery, the price for each material is constraint to be no more than 25à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤/kg while the density has its limit below 10g/cm3. Various materials from each group were selected for six major parts of the design based on the diagram in Figure 1. Figure 1. Ashby Diagram 4.1Microprocessor Every device has a brain to control its functions. It builds-up from four main parts into one, known as microprocessor. These parts are: transistor, resistor, capacitor, and diode. According to WhatIs.com (2015), transistor is a device that controls the flow of current and voltage, acts as a switch on/off gate for electronic signals. Conductive materials like metal will easily transfer the electrical flow without control, while isolator materials like plastic will transmit neither current nor voltage. Semiconductor is the perfect material that able to transport the electrical flow and control it[1]. Radio-electronic.com (n, d) listed some of semiconductor materials that are widely used in electronic devices. Germanium is on the top list, and placed on the second but is the most used for electronic devices [2]. Even though the charge carrier mobility is less than germanium, it offers a lot easier manufacturing process, exists as the second most abundant elements on earth, hence more efficient cost for production [3]. The second component is the resistor. Resistor has a specific and unchanging resistance that will limit the flow of electrons through the circuit [4]. The different point between a resistor and a transistor is that the fist only consumes the power but cannot generate it like transistor, thence it is a passive component. Materials used for making a resistor can be divided into two parts, the wire and the core. The wire usually made from carbon, metal alloy (nickel-alloy), metal oxide or foil. Meanwhile, the core often made from ceramic, fiberglass, or carbon [5]. To store the electrical charge of electronic devices, capacitor is used. Capacitor is made from conductive and dielectric material. Dielectric material is a non-conductive substance that determines the properties of capacitor. SCHOOT (2014) stated, glass ceramic is a pore free material which able to assist high dielectric strength and provide a high storage density. It is very suitable to be applied as a capacitor, especially if manufactured in nano-sized crystalline structure [6]. Finally, the last component that controls the microprocessor is the diode. It functions as a controller of which direction the current flow, prevents damage to the circuit due to back flow or electromotive force, and consist of cathode and anode [7]. It also provides time lag to stabilize the power within the circuit. Diodes usually are made from semiconductor materials like silicon. Electrons in P-type and N-type of silicon attracted with each other, they tend to build up until it prevents the free movement of any further electron [8]. To increase the conductivity of the circuit, copper or gold are deposited by electroplating process [9]. For this design, the materials chosen for the microprocessor are silicon for both transistor and diode, fibreglass for the substrate of resistor and nickel alloy for its wire and glass ceramic for the capacitor. Properties of selected materials are summarized in table 1. 4.2 Battery To provide electricity for the component to work, efficient battery which provide enough energy needs to be chosen. Considering biocompatibility of the component, green energy were chosen for the design. One of the options is piezoelectric a material. Piezoelectric can be defined any material, which converts kinetic energy into electricity. The atoms inside the piezoelectric crystal are arranged in an unsymmetrical way but however their charges are balanced [10]. Applying mechanical force into the crystal will disturb the arrangement and misplace the atoms, creating net electrical charges. Utilizing its feature, a piezoelectric device can supply self-sufficient energy system. Piezoelectric materials can be found in either natural or synthetic. Natural crystals which exhibits this characteristics are quartz, topaz, and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate)[10]. Synthetic ceramic materials with a perovskite crystalline structure are materials such as Lead Zirconia Titanate (PZT) or more environmental friendly lead-free piezoceramic. One example of lead-free piezoceramic material that shows big potential is Potasium Sodium Niobate (KNN). Figure 2. How Piezoelectricity Works[10] KNN based piezoceramic shows competitive value of dielectric constant (driven charge per unit force applied in the parallel/perpendicular direction) for about 9.01-13.81 F/m (10-9) compared to PZT 15.3-16.59 F/m (10-9)[11]. From medical aspect, bone can be categorized as piezoelectric material because apatite-collagen relationship can be assumed like p-n junctions[12]. Cytotoxities of KNN have also been evaluated and viability of mouse fibroblast cultured for 24 h were respectively 84%, which means the ion dissolution relatively controllable[12]. Alternative material, for example quartz or the synthetic version of it is fused silica, which has high purity silicon. It has been used for many medical instruments due to its inert properties and biocompatible with humans body[13]. Comparing between KNN and quartz, it is more costly efficient and superior properties to use quartz than KNN. Table 1. Properties for electrical material Materials Density/ gcm-3 Thermal expansion coefficient/ strainoC-1 Electrical resistivity/ ohm.cm Dielectric strength/ MVm-1 Quartz 2.20 0.48 0.52 3.16e24 1e26 25 40 Glass ceramic 9658 2.52 8.72 9.07 3.16e19 3.16e20 38 40 Silicon 2.33 2 3.2 1e6 1e10 5 12 Graphite 2.23 7 7.59 276 348 Copper C15100 8.94 16.8 16.9 1.91 2.04 Germanium 5.32 5.9 1e5 5e7 16 Gold 19.3 14.2 2.44 KNN 4.1 6.5 8e6 5e8 1.3 4.3 Speaker OLED As for a speaker used in the human mobile, the ultra-thin speakers were chosen. Piezoelectric speakers are chose for the reason they are much thinner than the speakers normally used in mobile phones [14]-[16]. In the design of human mobile, we used a kind of piezoelectric speakers with a good sound quality and with a thickness of 0.9-mm. This kind of ultra-thin speaker mentioned in this design has already been successfully used in slim mobile phones nowadays. The ultra-thin piezoelectric speakers are made up of 4 sections, single-layer piezoceramics, shim materials, an elastic polymer and frame, as the picture shown below. Figure 3. Piezoelectric Speaker Figure 4. OLED 4 layers Both sides of the speakers are covered by a silver electrode. Zirconnia and ceramics with an advantage in thickness is used as the piezoceramics layer [17]. Copper is used as the shim material and the surfaces of the copper are covered by the piezoceramics. This kind of section is used to construct a bimorph transducer. PTT film is placed between the 0.9-mm-thick frame and shim, and the bimorph transducer was then attached to the frame. In the selection of materials, the most important aspects we have to consider about are the thickness, density, thermal expansion coefficient, and electrical resistivity. An adhesive is used in the construction to connect all the materials together, and an ultra-thin speaker is created by arranging in a concentric circle . OLED is used in the construction of human mobile. Its principle is that through the smallest details of chemical structure or processing make the devices lighten and display. The construction of OLED is made up of 4 sections, cathode, emissive and conductive layer, anode, and substrate. The following picture shows us the details of an OLED. According to the application, though there are many options for each layer, we choose the materials with better properties and lower price. We choose high density porous polyethylene (HDPE) as anode [18], for the reason of its high density, and for the material selection of cathode, often calcium which satisfies the conditions under the construction of OLED. The anode, of course, must be transparent so that the emitted photons can exit the device. As consider the human mobile is a flexible device [19] so we choose Polyethylene as the materials of emissive and conductive layer. When we talk about materials selection, we talk about how does this product works, what is this products function, what requirements we need to meet, what materials we choose. Table 2. Properties of the materials used in speakers Materials Density/ Kgm-3 Thermal expansion coefficient/ strainoC-1 Electrical resistivity/ ohm.cm Dielectric strength/ MVm-1 Zirconia 5.99e3-6.11e3 7.8-8.1 1e17-3.16e18 4-6 Copper 8.94e3-8.95e3 16.8-16.9 1.91-2.04 PTT 1.3e3-1.33e3 138-142 1.43e22-8.4e22 31.4-32.6 Aluminum 3.94e3-3.96e3 7.7-8.5 1e19-3.16e20 10-21 Table 3. Properties of the materials used in OLED Materials Density/ Kgm-3 Thermal expansion coefficient/ strainoC-1 Electrical resistivity/ ohm.cm Dielectric strength/ MVm-1 HDPE 920-1.24e3 176-184 2.37e23-2.13e24 24.4-29.9 Calcium 3.05e3-3.15e3 11.4-14 Polyethylene 134-160 111-123 6.31e21-4.26e22 LDPE 16-20 190-220 1e21-1e23 4-6 4.5. Pressure sensor system The pressure sensor system is used to measure the pressure parameters which are being tested, which have been divided into two parts. The first part is the main part, pressure sensor, which is made of silicon (a traditional material for sensor) aim for receiving force signal. The second part is a small microchip which process signal and send it to the CPU. The material of the second part is same as the main microchips. The whole pressure sensor system acts as a mouse to achieve the anywhere touch-screen function through visual processing lens signal. 4.6. Coating materials A coating material is used for protection. Because our products need to be implant into human the body, we need an absolutely safe coating to prevent harmful accident happening. The coating must meet the standards which are: bio-compatibility, very slow or no degradation, and good surface properties. So, a choice of three kinds of materials has been made for the customer. First of all is bio glass 8625. Secondly, a hydrophilic coating suitable for vascular implants and finally silicone. These three materials both have a long-life, comfort surface and minimized radiation, and both of them are bio-compatible. When we decide to market a product, several critical factors should be considered: The competition from other peers Define the ideal customer The unique selling proposition Testing Media campaigns Our aim is to design a human mobile, according to research. No one has invented this human mobile. Once we designed human mobile, there is no direct competition from other peers, but we should inform the customer what are the differences between our product and a conventional mobile phone, and what kinds of benefits can a customer get from this product. The cell phone in nowadays has many different functions, it is difficult to let customer accept our product. People may think we already have iPhone, why should we implant a mobile in our body. Thats why we need to define our customer, we cannot assume that all customers will accept the idea behind our product, but we can focus to a specific customer. Our product is based on convey message, GPS, WIFI and personal ID verification. Nowadays, young people are interested in new technology, and they text each other every day anytime, and are permanently connected to WIFI. So they may be curious and would like to try this new product. Moreover, they may think it is cool to implant a mobile phone into their body. The cost of the product is 689 £, which is not cheap, but nowadays, the young people would like to pay for that even they cannot afford it. The iPhone is the example. There are two main factors in unique selling propositionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡ Benefit commitment. We need to tell the customer to know what the specific functions of our product are, and what actual benefit they can get. Unique. We need to emphasise our special function that our peers dont have. This will be achieved through the advertising and news conference. Only new and unique can attract customers eye. The product must be carefully tested due to fact that it is implanted in the human body for several years. Lab test can be done to simulate the human body conditions. Also to have more prompt results and not to wait years to observe a change, more aggressive conditions can be applied during the testing. This will help define the limits of the materials and map eventual regions of the components that are more susceptible to damage than others and therefore require more frequent inspection and monitoring. 5. As a new product, the marketing questionnaire is necessary. Is it the fastest and easiest way to know the customer would accept our product or not, and which kind of people would like to buy our product. Furthermore, we can adjust and improve our product according to the feedback from the questionnaire. Media campaigns are necessary part of marketing; advertisement and news conferences are the best way to promote our product. But it requires a significant budget. However, the profit will excess what we paid for the marketing campaign. As regarding the cost, according to materials we selected, and profits that a company is required to make, the cost of our product is 689 £. The price includes the price of materials (the price of the materials are based on RS component website [20]), manufacturing and labour cost. Surgery fees are included. Also, as a new product, we dont want the price of our product excess the existing successful product, like iPhones and Samsung Galaxy series. The average price of the iPhone and Samsung is  £700. So the price we are offering it makes the customer think about what kind of features he can get with same amount of money. References [1] WhatIs.com, (2015). What is transistor? Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/transistor [accessed 7 March 2017] [2] Radio-electronics.com, (n,d). Semiconductor Materials | Types Groups Classifications | List. [online] Available at: http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/ data/semicond/semiconductor/semiconductor-materials-types-list.php [Accessed 7 March 2017] [3] Reference, (2017). Why is silicon used to make computer chips?. [online] Available at: https://www.reference.com/history/silicon-used-make-computer-chips-d8e1def4a26f18e6 [Accessed 7 March 2017] [4] Learn.sparkfun.com, (2009). Resistors. [online] Available at : https://learn. sparkfun.com/tutorials/resistors [Accessed 7 March 2017] [5] Resistorguide.com, (2012). Resistor materials  » Resistor Guide. [online] Available at: http://www.resistorguide.com/materials/ [Accessed 7 March 2017] [6] Us.schott.com, (2014). SCHOTT POWERAMICà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Glass-Ceramics: A New Class of Dielectrics for High Voltage Capacitors | SCHOTT North America. [online] Available at: http://www.us.schott.com/english/news/press.html?NID=us548 [Accessed 7 March 2017] [7] Bbc.co.uk, (2014). BBC GCSE Bitesize: Diodes. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/electronics/componentsrev6.shtml [Accessed 7 March 2017] [8] Learnabout-electronics.org, (2017). Introduction to Diodes. [online] Available at:http://www.learnabout-electronics.org/Semiconductors/diodes_20.php[Acces-sed 7 March 2017] [9] Hodgin, Rick. (2009). From sand to hand: How a CPU is made. [online] Geek.com. Available at: http://www.geek.com/chips/from-sand-to-hand-how-a-cpu-is-made-832492/ [Accessed 7 March 2017] [10] Woodford, Chris. (2016). Piezoelectricity. [online] Explainthatstuff.com. Available at: http://www.explainthatstuff.com/piezoelectricity.html [Accessed 8 March 2017] [11] Sharma, Anshul ; Kumar, Rajeev ; Vaish, Rahul ; Chauhan, Vishal S. Ferroelectrics, 04 April 2015, Vol.478(1), p.140-156 [12] Rajabi, Amir Hossein ; Jaffe, Michael ; Arinzeh, Treena Livingston. Acta Biomaterialia, 15 September 2015, Vol.24, pp.12-23 [13] Davis, S. D. ; Gibbons, D. F. ; Martin, R. L. ; Levitt, S. R. ; Smith, J. ; Harrington, R. V. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, September 1972, Vol.6(5), pp.425-449 [14] G. Arlt, H. Dederichs and R. Herbiet, 90 °-domain wall relaxation in tetragonally distorted ferroelectric ceramics, Ferroelectrics, vol. 74, pp. 37-53, 1987. [15] L. E. Cross, Ferroelectric Ceramics. eds. N. Setter and E. Colla, Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser, 1993, pp. 1-85 [16] A. G. Luchaninov, A. V. Shilnikov, L. A. Shuvalov, and I. JU. Shipkova, The domain processes and piezoeffect in polycrystalline ferroelectrics, Ferroelectrics, vol. 98, pp. 123-126, 1989. [17] H. Kawai, Y. Sasaki, T. Inoue, T. Inoi, and S. Takahashi, High-power transformer employing piezoelectric ceramics, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, vol. 35, pp. 5015-5017, Sept. 1996. [18] Yang, Y. et al.Efficient blue polymer light-emitting diodes from a series of soluble poly(paraphenylene)s.J. Appl. Phys. 79, No. 2 (1996) pp. 934-939 [19] Gustaffson, G. at al, Nature, 357 (1992) pp. 477-479 [20] http://uk.rs-online.com/web/ [Accessed 9 March 2017]

Outdoor Advertising and Product Placement Essay

The media tools that we suggest for Anlene is outdoor advertising which is under the traditional media channel. Outdoor advertising is any advertisement that publicizes the product and services at outdoor. There are more than 40 types of outdoor advertising, with billboards being the most widely recognized media. Types of outdoor advertising include bus benches billboards, taxis, poster and so on. Billboard advertising is one of the most popular ways of advertising outdoors because it seems everyone notices those big billboards when they are driving, being a passenger in a car, or walking down the street. Billboard advertising can be large and spectacular, making passenger major attention getting device. Anlene can be choosing a specific and great geographic area can works well for promoting the product. It can target the potential peoples in particular area. It is a large billboard advertising that can found in highway, traffic area, city area and so on. If Anlene can build a billboard on a potential placement, it can catch people’s attention and create a memorable impression. After them leaving the billboard, they will recall back the advertisement that driven past it. Driver must pay attention to the traffic as they travel by the billboard. Anlene can choose some area which normally occur traffic jam. When people stuck in slow-moving traffic, they will spend more time to look at the billboard. Driver usually read the billboard while passed at high speed so it should have large and clear word print or arresting image in brilliant colour. Anlene can use clear and simple billboard so that it can easily bring an impression and message to viewer. Since a billboard stay in the same place for a period of a month or more, people who drive by or walk past, they will see the same billboard a number of times. Since the people who see the billboard of Anlene number of time, it wills quickly gaining the popularity of Anlene brand. As we know, the colour of Anlene is already created an impression for customer which is green and white. Therefore, the billboard of Anlene is using green and white colour so that when driver view by far away, they automatically can notice that the billboard advertising is Anlene. Anlene can have a creative and using colour to attract the viewer, it have more impact. Digital billboard also kind of outdoor advisement, it can show the creative and the colour of Anlene to catch attention of people. But digital billboard more likely have to build in traffic area, airport and some of the place that can take a few minutes to watch it. Billboard is a 24 hour exposure advertisement, it is more catch more attention of viewer than others media tools. Product placement The second media tools we suggest for Anlene is product placement which is under alternative marketing tools. Product placement is an advertising technique used by companies to promote their products through a non-traditional advertising technique, usually through appearances in film, television, or other media. Product placements are often initiated through an agreement between a product manufacturer and the media company in which the media company receives economic benefit. A company will often pay a fee to have their product used, displayed, or significantly featured in a movie or show. Anlene companies are trying to promoting their products in popular movies and television shows. These advertisements can be seen in popular films. Due to the major success of advertising in movies and TV shows, the marketers move on to the next level and started to use web videos, video games, music videos and other entertainment mediums. Product placement offers several advantages to manufacturers, producers and movie stars. It provided Anlen companies with an opportunity to be associated with famous actors and to use movie footage and stills to conveniently advertise the products. As it pertains to the producers and actors, they earned substantial amount in fees as well as the chance to endorse brands in various film. When a star uses a branded product in a film, there’s an implied celebrity endorsement of that product. This can create a high level of awareness and a strong emotional connection to that product. A high profile star may draw more attention to Anlene product. It can change audiences purchase behaviours and creating favourable practitioners’ views on the brand. Product placement is and investment for brands that trying to reach audience. There are strong reasons for investors to expect that film product placement will increase consumer awareness of particular brand. Product placement can let people to recognize Anlene brand names that appeared in the movies. Anlene can place their product to fits with the image of film. When Anlene brand product placement is done well, it allows consumers to see the brand whether they watch their favourite film at home on television, by renting a DVD or online on their computer. The purpose is to achieving the audience exposure, attention and interest. It helps Anlene to increase their brand awareness and also make consumer create instant recognition in the media vehicle. High involvement is required to view a movie than for viewing television. A majority of movie watchers have a positive attitude toward this form of marketing communication, feeling it is preferable to commercials shown on the screen before the movie. More frequent viewers and they will enjoy movie more and pay more attention to product placement in the movie. Product and brands nowadays can expand into video games and even creating their own games. Active product placement in computer games can have positive effects. Anlene can exposure their product in a computer game can increase the brand attitude among consumers whose original attitude toward the brand is fairly low. Product placement within computer games has been found to be an effective mean of building high brand recall and even of influencing consumers less positively predisposed toward the brand.

The Wayfarer, A Technical Revolution - 894 Words

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Similar to the governing ethics in these regionRead MoreBlade Runner and New Brave Worlds Perspectives on Humanity Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesPerspectives on Humanity Ridley Scott’s film â€Å"Blade Runner: Director’s Cut† and Aldous Huxley’s novel â€Å"Brave New World† explore the concept of ‘In The Wild’ by focusing on the natural world and its rhythms falling victim to unbridled scientific development. They present a wedge that is divorcing man from his relationship with nature, in an attemptRead MoreComparing Brave New World and Blade Runner 1324 Words   |  6 PagesHuman relationships, and humanitys understanding of the wild, are shaped and reflected in Blade Runner, by Ridley Scott, and in Brave New World (Aldous Huxley) through their composers use of the contrast between true nature and the wild. The human relationship with the wild is tenuous, and this is shown within both texts. More often than not, nature is understood simply as a force to be dominated, controlled or exploited for the benefit of humanity. The new wild is one created by human societyRead MoreThe Two Natures of Jesus1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Two Natures of Jesus Angelia Pillow Bethel University Abstract This paper is a discussion of the dual natures of Jesus Christ. This human nature did not take away from his divine nature; they were together in one person, Jesus Christ The Two Natures of Jesus The Chalcedonean Creed states the following: That Jesus has two natures; he is God and man. Each nature is full and complete; he is fully God and fully man. Each nature remains distinct. Christ is only one person. Things that

Essay on Brutus in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar

Brutus in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar In Julius Caesar, Shakespeare intended us to see Brutus as noble. I wish to review his actions, and the motivating factors behind those actions. I intend to prove that Brutus had a strong and well-grounded character. He had good intentions, however, he made one fatal mistake and that was his downfall. When learn that Brutus is dedicated to the public, when Brutus decides Caesar must die, because he fears his ambition, this comes as a big shock to the Shakespearian audience as well as the modern day audience. He had many positive qualities. I wish to bring these to a light and explore how they affected the plot. Brutus believes that his role in†¦show more content†¦In act 2, scene 1, Brutus is finally introduced to the group of conspirators; in this act we notice the first mistake Brutus makes. Alas good Cassius do not think of him. If he loves Caesar, all that he can is to himself, take thought, and die for Caesar. And that were much he should, for he is given to sports, to wilderness, and much company. Brutus believes he has only to explain his reasons for killing Caesar and everyone will accept them. Hes, as we have seen, used to being followed. His principles are noble. He puts Rome above everything. It might be hard for a modern day audience to see killing ones best friend as a noble act. Brutus is also a philosophical thinker. He has predetermined ideas on life that govern his actions and decisions throughout the play. Such examples are his unwillingness to let the conspirators kill Marc Anthony in their jealous goal to create a political rebellion. For Anthony is but a limb of Caesar: Let us be sacrificers, but not butcher, Caius. He also allows Anthony to have the final speech at Caesars funeral, which is a very important matter. Some can say it is a blunder, others might say it was Brutuss way of being honourable. Speaking last to the crowd like that allowed him to efficiently get the last word and impart his thoughts as first and foremost to the crowd. The crowd believesShow MoreRelatedSympathizing with Brutus of William Shakespeares Julius Caesar1130 Words   |  5 PagesSympathizing with Brutus of William Shakespeares Julius Caesar Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is an interesting and complex play based on historical events that took place in Rome in 44 BC. The plot revolves around the assassination of Julius Caesar by his closest friend- Marcus Brutus, and Marc Antonys attempt to avenge his death. 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It is important to note that Shakespeares play was basedRead More Marcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essays735 Words   |  3 PagesMarcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar      Ã‚   In many stories there is a tragic hero. The hero finds out about himself and the people around him in the story. In Shakespeares play, Julius Caesar, Marcus Brutus is the tragic hero. The play Julius Caesar is about politics and betrayal in ancient Rome. Brutus is part of the senate, which is below Caesar, who is soon to be crowned. The senate wants to overthrow Caesar to save Rome. To do this the senate has to get BrutusRead More Brutus is the Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesBrutus is the Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares play Julius Caesar is a tragic play, where the renowned Julius Caesar is on the brink of achieving total control and power by becoming emperor of the Roman Empire. Ironically enough, when he thinks he is one step away from pulling it off, his friends (most from the senate) decide to overthrow him, with Caesars most trusted friend, Marcus Brutus, acting as leader of the conspirators. Though the fall of Caesar from the most

Violence Among the Youths in Inner Schools Free Essays

Violence among youth, especially in inner city schools, is one of Americas most pressing and controversial concerns. Local studies indicate that youth violence is increasing. In addition, America†s youth, like adults are now more frequently using guns instead of fist to settle their disputes. We will write a custom essay sample on Violence Among the Youths in Inner Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the public is ready to believe that school violence is definitely present, some local leaders and school administrators are not willing to recognize that it is happening in front of their own eyes. They think that people will boycott the communities, their schools will be labeled unsafe and they will be blamed for failing to keep peace and order. Gang activity at school is particularly susceptible to â€Å"the Ostrich syndrome,† as many of the administration ignore the problem. A big loss that occurs is that opportunities to help the youth and reduce violence are lost. Finally, there is sometimes a contradiction between school policies and school practice. Many districts and schools have broad regulations for dealing with violence, and the school enforcement may either be uneven or laidback. This creates a situation where teachers do not feel supported when they necessitate discipline, students do not feel protected and the delinquents will then think that he or she will not be punished. On the other hand, administrators express dismay that the teachers so not enforce policies in the classroom. Despite these inconsistencies, the government, communities and schools have come up with many promising types of anti- violence approach, and social and personal transformation focusing on discipline. Most have originated in urban areas, where youth violence was first identified. The federal government has money set aside for after school programs focused on gang prevention and other recreational community activities. Most of these activities are focused on breaking the cycle of violence. The most effective proved to be the long-term family interventions involving, religious and recreational organizations. For example, programs in parenting and family relationships, especially those focused on non-violence and substance abuse can protect children from learning violence at home. Out of school programs keep youth entertained while the family is unavailable. These programs can also provide youths with attention from caring role models. They also keep the youth away from negative influences on the street. Programs can offer assistance with schoolwork and develop positive values. Helping young people find employment is an important way for communities to reduce property crime and build the youths self-esteem and sense of responsibility. It also helps the youth see how vital it is to their future to stay in school and further their education and career. Another positive aspect to providing jobs and job training is that it can reduce stress that can trigger violence. â€Å"In 1878 economist Carroll D. Wright from Massachusetts Commissioner of Statistics noted that more than 67% of convicts in the state were recorded as ‘having no occupation†: of 220 men sentenced to one year 147 were without trade or any regular means of earning a living† (Currie) Anti-violence and programs that run in the school can run from a range of ideas. From general education improvement to interventions to target specific groups of students. They involve parents in a variety of roles and community leaders and resources. The goal is to create a peaceful non-violence school. A commitment to enforcing violence prevention helps the students and the staffs feel safe. In addition to zero tolerance for guns, some school also have zero tolerance for other types of behavior such as assaulting a teacher were violent students will be removed from the classrooms. It might not affect some students to be expulsed from school so school responses to certain type of acts include legal prosecution. Since there is a strong use of drug sales and violence in the schools by the students, administrators make special efforts to keep the school. To keep students from bringing in weapons some schools use metal detectors and administer random acts of searching students† bodies and possessions. Teachers used to be the most common type of security but with increasing school violence, schools are hiring security guards to patrol the sites. With school security the most common type of measure is monitoring the students in the hallways and places where they get together the most, like cafeterias, bathrooms and the p.e. field. Most violent prone school may even form relations with the police to periodically visit the schools and regularly patrol the halls. Probation officers with on site offices can provide help to students who have already been in illegal trouble. Early intervention is necessary to prevent youth violence. Elementary education training in anger management, impulse control, mediation and conflict resolution skills can prevent youth from participating in violence as they mature. Early discussions about negative consequences of gang membership and providing positive way to get needs met can protect them from future gang recruitment efforts. Some schools have a specially trained safety coordinator whose primary function is to coordinate anti-violence programs and offer crisis counseling and mediation. Other types of programs offer incentives for positive behavior such as recognition and reward system for good citizenship. The goal is to bring about change in the students so that their behavior is constructive. Effective gang strategies involve all school operations and staff. It requires good communications and security and staff trained in crisis intervention. Schools not only need to acknowledge their presence but actively investigate its extent and determine who its gang members are, what they do and where are their hang out spots. The first step is to establish the fact that gang presence such as clothing, paraphernalia, flashing signs or shouting slogans and writing graffiti on school or personal property will not be tolerated. Discipline measures, practiced consistently show the schools seriousness. Staff who takes a personal interest in individual members by holding personal conferences and counseling can help loosen the hold of the gang, by meeting informally with members and show them positive experiences that would otherwise be lacking in their lives. To do this some staff members may need to change certain attitudes about gang members and spend a little more time than they would with them. If that does not work offering counseling in a variety of outside agencies and involving parents and making them aware of the choices and consequences that their child is taking may help change the attitude of the child. If all else fails gang members can be transferred to alternative schools for more intensive support. Concern about increasing youth violence is being routed into a variety of innovative and hopefully effective programs across the country. The most effective programs acknowledge that gang activity and violence exists in their community. Use all available resources like law enforcement and social services. Involve families into both school and community programs, and prepares to engage in long-term effort for positive experiences. In all communities it is likely that sometimes anti-violence work will be compromised by lack of resources and time. Even the most dedicated individuals may experience moments of frustration. Early evaluations in well-organized programs is possible and even though statistics show that youth violence is steadily increasing the effort and slight expenditure are necessary. How to cite Violence Among the Youths in Inner Schools, Essay examples

Demand for Uranium in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Demand and Supply for Uranium. Answer: Introduction Currently, there is an immense amount of hue and cry with regards to global warming and hence the global focus is on generation of clean energy which would not only fuel the future economic growth but would also address the issue of environmental pollution. One of the solutions in this regard relates to the use of uranium for generating nuclear energy which does not result in greenhouse emissions. Considering Australian exports of uranium, it is one of the critical resources that the nation has. However, in the last two to three years, the price of uranium has plummeted which has caused havoc for the uranium mining industry (Green, 2016). The objective of the given report is to analyse the recent fall in uranium prices with reference to economic theory and the potential outlook for future in uranium prices. Discussion In accordance with the theory of demand and supply, the equilibrium price of an underlying product or commodity is determined by the relative demand supply forces and the demand supply gap that tends to exist. These forces are particularly critical for commodities as there are market driven prices for various grades of the underlying mineral. Considering the demand supply situation, the price of these commodities tends to vary in real time and thus impacts the dynamics of the mining industry (Mankiw, 2014). There has been a severe fall in the uranium prices which have reached a 13 year low in 2014. The key factor responsible for the same is the Fukushima disaster which raised question marks over the underlying safety of nuclear energy. The sentiments were severely dampened when one of the technologically advanced nations such as Japan had to suffer a meltdown. As a result, a negative propaganda has begun which has led to the termination of existing nuclear plants and delay with regards to construction of new ones. A case in point is Japan which after this indicated closed down all the 48 operational nuclear reactors (FOE, 2013). The developed countries were quick to take a decision in regards to nuclear plants phase out in the favour of renewable sources of energy which is particularly true for European countries particularly Netherlands and Germany. Prior to this incident, these nations had sizable generation of electricity in the form of nuclear power, but migration from nuclear energy meant fall in demand of uranium by these nations. In the developing world, there are safety concerns which has given rise to protests which has stalled the construction of new nuclear plants which would adversely impact future demand (Green, 2014). The lower demand for uranium has led to lower price as has been explained through the diagram indicated below. On account of the shutdown of the nuclear plants, the uranium demand has fallen down which is graphically represented above by a left shift in the demand curve as illustrated. The supply in the short term does not change and hence there is a decrease in the price and quantity which is clearly illustrated above (Nicholson and Snyder, 2011). The impact of falling uranium prices is also evident on supply whereby there has been considerable erosion of the profitability of the uranium miners and additionally in view of the oversupply currently in the market, the various uranium mining projects have been postponed till the excess supply is absorbed. There are some small mining companies which have become bankrupt and others are facing bankruptcy in wake of the continued weakness in uranium pricing. However, even though some of the small players would exit, there is unlikely to a major decline in the supply of uranium which would imply that in the short term prices would continue to be soft (FOE, 2013). Even though Japan after the initial closure of all nuclear plants has went ahead to open two of them but it has done little to elevate the sentiments of the people with regards to nuclear energy. In practical terms, the opening of nuclear plants in Japan do not add to the demand considering the huge pile of stocks that it has which is expected to last for years (Cormack, 2014). Additionally, with regards to the other developed countries especially those based in Europe has abundant supply of renewable energy which makes it likely that they would not shift to nuclear energy in the future. Also, the humungous nuclear liability is also a concern for western nations due to which there is a tepid response to nuclear plants in the west. Thus, it is quite apparent that with regards to uranium demand the picture seems quite bad with regards to developed nations and potentially only the developing world could prove to e beacon of hope for the uranium miners (McHugh, 2016). The developing nations such as China and India have severe power shortages and hence are actively looking at nuclear power to serve the ever growing energy needs. Considering China and the mode of operations, it is highly likely that state owned Chinese mining companies may buyout uranium mines abroad preferably in Africa so as to ensure energy security. However, some demand would still be continued to be met by imports where Australian manufacturers could pinch in (Green, 2014). India on the other hand is likely to depend more on imports and hence provide a medium to long term opportunity for the Australian uranium miners (McHugh, 2016). However, the technological advancements particularly in the form of breeder reactors also need to be considered which tend to be highly fuel efficient and hence acts as a dampener for future uranium demand. Thus, it is likely in view of the above factors that uranium demand would pick up only in the medium to long term (Levit, 2016). Conclusion It is apparent that the demand for uranium has plummeted on account of safety concerns. The developed world seems to have permanently migrated from nuclear plants and it is likely that the future demand would come primarily from developing countries. However, considering the gestation period in construction, negative public opinion and the technological advancements going forward, it is highly likely that the price of uranium would improve only in the medium to long ter References Cormack. L. (2014), Uranium jumps as Japan reopens reactors, Retrieved on August 22, 2017 from https://www.afr.com/markets/commodities/uranium-jumps-as-japan-reopens-reactors-20141112-11l8li FOE (2013), Uranium price slumps, Paladin Energy in trouble, Retrieved on August 22, 2017 from https://www.foe.org.au/uranium-price-slumps-paladin-energy-trouble Green, J. (2014), Uranium how low can it go?, Retrieved on August 22, 2017 from https://www.businessspectator.com.au/article/2014/5/29/energy-markets/uranium-%E2%88%92-how-low-can-it-go Green, J. (2016), Australias uranium industry foundering ?nearlydead, i Retrieved on August 22, 2017 from https://nuclearinformation.wordpress.com/2016/06/12/australias-uranium-industry-foundering-nearly-dead/comment-page-1/ Levit, D. (2016), Uranium Prices Recovery Could Take 10 Years, Retrieved on August 22, 2017 from https://www.economiccalendar.com/2016/05/13/uranium-prices-recovery-could-take-10-years/ Mankiw, G. (2014), Microeconomics (6th edition), London: Worth Publishers McHugh, B. (2016), Uranium price increase around corner as China and India look to nuclear to reduce carbon emissions, Retrieved on August 22, 2017 from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-09/uranium-future-price-set-to-improve-as-new-plants-built/7232944 Nicholson, W. and Snyder, C. (2011), Fundamentals of Microeconomics (11th ed.), New York: Cengage Learning