Colonialism in Africa

Expansionism in Africa Free Online Research Papers Expansionism and its Direct Effect on the Rise of Nationalism in African Culture In America, today, the battles of Africans through the span of history have gone generally unnoticed, except for servitude in the America. Africa is an assorted gathering of individuals of a wide range of foundations and dialects. This is because of the colonization of Africa by Europeans, which was trailed by numerous battles to recover their freedom as their own kin. To completely comprehend, an individual must investigate imperialism and its immediate impact on the ascent of Nationalism in African culture. Expansionism is characterized as a strategy by which a country keeps up or expands its command over outside conditions, or in progressively practical terms an abuse by a more grounded nation of more fragile one; the utilization of the more fragile countrys assets to reinforce and advance the more grounded nation (dictionary.com). An expansive verifiable comprehension of direct European provincial effect on the African landmass goes back at any rate to the spread of the Roman Empire to North Africa. The more contemporary period of European imperialism, that was blessed by the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, was gone before by a slow procedure of European venture into Africa over approximately 400 and fifty years (Schraeder 50-1). Starting in 1434, Portuguese travelers under the administration of Prince Henry the Navigator started cruising the West African coastline with plan of spreading Christianity and to improve Portuguese political-military force. The consistent development of Portuguese pioneers denoted the start of what is normally brought in the West the time of investigation (the graphing and mapping of grounds beforehand obscure to European forces, before a definitive inconvenience of frontier rule). One of the most pulverizing parts of expanding remote impact in Africa toward the finish of the fifteenth century was the worldwide observation that servitude was an authentic and essential instrument of political-military and monetary development (51). Many slave exchange courses showed up with the mind-boggling acknowledgment of servitude by the world outside of Africa. The most conspicuous was the Atlantic slave exchange, additionally called the European slave exchange, which basically sent captives toward the Western Hemisphere (52). The Atlantic slave exchange started during the fifteenth century and was commanded by the European forces. Slaves were looked for as modest work to work the provincial ranches in the Americas that delivered an assortment of items that were traded to Europe. For Africans, the slave exchange time planted the seed of patriotism as Europeans isolated and isolated families, taking the most capable individuals to work in the Western Hemisphere as slaves. Taking the most abled Africans eased back improvement in the remainder of Africa, and the slaves were kept in the least fortunate conditions no creature, not to mention human being, ought to endure. Frequently numerous Africans picked demise, by bouncing in the shark invaded water, as opposed to keep on living their lives as a slave. While the slave exchange planted the seed of patriotism, the use of the country state framework grew further development. The birthplaces of the country state framework lie in the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, which finished the Thirty Years’ War in Europe. The settlement denoted the start of the country state framework, in which sovereign political substances autonomous of any outside specialists practiced power over people groups dwelling in discrete regions with formally stamped limits. The inconvenience of the European country state framework made a progression of counterfeit expresses that, in contrast to their partners in Europe, didn't develop steadily as indicated by the desires of nearby African people groups. They rather were developed by European specialists with little worry for neighborhood financial or political-military conditions. Another effect of imperialism was the division of African ethnic gatherings among various pioneer states (62). The Somali individuals of the Horn of Africa are a striking model. Recently joined by a typical culture however inadequate with regards to a unified position, this traditionally fragmented political framework was oppressed and isolated among four royal forces: Britain, France, Italy, and an autonomous Ethiopia. The issue with division of one individuals among numerous states is irredentism, or the political want of patriots to rejoin their isolated people groups in one brought together country state (63). Another issue with the country state framework is something contrary to the division of one individuals among numerous states. A third effect of European imperialism was the fuse of beforehand independent and profoundly various African people groups in a single frontier state. Britain’s formation of Nigeria outlines this provincial practice and its outcomes. Nigeria is made out of more than 200 and fifty distinctive ethnic gatherings. Just three of those ethnic gatherings involves about sixty-six percent of the all out populace and essentially dwell in three distinct regions of Nigeria (64). There are numerous issues related with the assortment of different gatherings that were never under a similar guideline until the appearance of expansionism and the country state framework. It prompts language boundaries that will slow the advancement of the country state overall. It causes conflicts between political societies. For instance, Britain picks a particular ethnic gathering living in Nigeria to be in power. This prompts quarreling among the remainder of the clans and ethnic gatherings since they all accept they ought to be the elites. The greatest effect that the country state framework had among the African individuals was its division of families and companions, which is an essential in each african life. The country state framework forced limits directly in the center of towns, partitioning the individuals among various nations that will have rule over them, for example, Britain and France. Every nation kept exacting control of who enters and leaves, making it hard for families and companions to keep in contact, regularly prompting a complete loss of touch with a person’s family. Europeans frequently forced their political, legal, and police frameworks that were unfamiliar to all Africans, and made them change their social structure to fit the Europeans. Rather than depending on a boss, Privy Council, chamber of seniors, or town gathering, which is what Africans were really going after at that point, they needed to change their lifestyles for the Europeans or face the outcomes. Imperialism likewise forced an arrangement of an immediate fare economy. Europeans stripped the grounds of Africa for their own advantage and left local people with next to no to save. The hardships that the Europeans forced built up a feeling of character and pride all through Africa. Patriotism is characterized as a feeling of aggregate personality wherein a people sees itself as unique in relation to (and regularly better than) different people groups. Patriotism additionally suggests the presence of an assortment of shared qualities, most strikingly a typical language and culture, yet in addition race and religion. The rise of European â€Å"nations† (or durable gathering characters) for the most part went before and added to the production of European â€Å"states†. The outcome was the making of practical country expresses that appreciated the authenticity of their people groups. This procedure was turned around in Africa. Much of the time, the pilgrim state was made before any feeling of country existed (81). The possibility of opportunity, the underdevelopment of Africa, and the improvement of the idea of Pan-Africanism (sentiments of solidarity) were the reasons why the seed of patriotism that was planted and grown started to completely develop. Adding to the fire was the consistent treatment of Africans by Europeans as inferiors, the advancement on African national associations, ascent of Islamic developments, and the ascent of the informed class. America additionally directly affected African patriotism alongside different nations that made models for Africans to follow. In the Atlantic Charter of 1941, the understanding by Roosevelt and Churchill, guaranteed that Africans could pick autonomy and self-administration. The improvement of help and patriotism in Asia likewise supported Africans (in 1947 India took its freedom from Britain). Likewise, the establishing of the UN in 1945 expanded the desire for all Africans for complete autonomy. A one of a kind part of African patriotism was its intrinsically hostile to frontier character. African patriot developments were strongly separated on political plans, ideological direction, and monetary projects. Notwithstanding their disparities, in any case, the pioneers of these developments agreed on one point: the need and attractive quality of freedom from outside control. That craving turned into a reality for the African heads and individuals, yet not at the same time. There are four significant rushes of freedom throughout the entire existence of Africa (82). The primary influx of autonomy was set apart by serene changes and occurred during the 1950s. The wave was driven by the vigorously Arab-impacted North African nations. Three nations outside North Africa additionally got freedom during this period followed by the previous French state of Guinea in 1958. The second flood of autonomy occurred during the 1960s, when in excess of thirty African nations accomplished freedom. The greater part of these nations were previous British and French settlements. Each of the three Belgian provinces likewise procured autonomy during this period and were joined by the Republic of Somalia. Beside some vital exemptions, most prominently France’s fruitless endeavor to vanquish a professional freedom guerrilla revolt in Algeria and the development of the Mau guerilla insurrection in Kenya, the decolonization procedure of the 1960s was additionally to a great extent serene. The leaving pioneer powers had just acknowledged the certainty of decolonization. Questions basically stayed with respect to when and under what conditions (83).

A Case Study On Different Anxiety Experiences Nursing Essay

A Case Study On Different Anxiety Experiences Nursing Essay Nervousness encounters diverse in everybody in various occasions, its an ordinary reaction to genuine peril, advancing the body through animating of thoughtful and parasympathetic sensory system will be useful activity. (Springhouse, 2007). Uneasiness influences our entire being. It influences how we feel, how e carry on and has genuine physical indications. It feels somewhat like dread however while we recognize what we are terrified of, we frequently dont comprehend what we are on edge about. Gentle uneasiness is dubious and unsetting-serious nervousness can be incredibly weakening (Medical News Today, 2010). Intense torment it isn't acceptable sign about tissue harm, (Gulanick et al., 2010). 1-How would you be able to oversee Everts torment? As a medical caretaker, the accompanying should be possible to oversee Everts torment: Envision requirement for relief from discomfort: early pain relieving intercession assists with diminishing agony. We need to react to torment whine as quickly as time permits: early react to patients griping of agony its assistance to diminish nervousness and on opposite side its assistance to make a trust relationship. Attempting to dispense with the expansion of stressor or solace as we can: help patient to endure the agony either these components from condition, intrapersonal, or intrapschic factors. Make a decent air of solace, unwinding, and rest: we need to assist persistent with being in acceptable climate to take a rest and rest easily in light of the fact that a few patients encounters of torment may will place them in exhaustion condition, so we need to place him in darkroom and detached his telephone (Gulanick et al., 2010). 2-What would you be able to do to ease Everts nervousness? The accompanying mediations should be possible to mitigate Everts uneasiness: Foresee requirement for relief from discomfort: early pain relieving mediation assists with diminishing torment. We need to react to torment grumble as quickly as time permits: early react to patients whining of agony its assistance to diminish nervousness and on opposite side its assistance to make a trust relationship. Some of psychological conduct methodologies as follows: Pictures: if quiet utilize his psychological pictures its assistance to occupy pressure and torment with utilizing all his five detects. Interruption methods: elevate ones fixation upon nonpainful boosts to diminish ones mindfulness and encounters of agony and decrease pressure, for example, nerve incitement and breathing alterations. Utilize the unwinding works out: its significant for patient to diminish consideration and agony. Utilize breathing activities. Utilizing Music Therapy in treatment: the music treatment functions admirably on patients. Its separated of treatment group (Mount Munro, 1978). 3-Why was Everts spouse so stressed the Evert didn't eat? Would it be advisable for you to treat with IV sustenance? Everts spouse was stressed on the grounds that Evert may experience the ill effects of lack of hydration and hunger, and this will cause electrolyte irregular characteristics and his condition will be irritated by this, his wellbeing will break down more quickly. As an attendant the treatment plans for Evert to reestablishing liquid and rectifying any electrolyte uneven characters. Early treatment mediation its assistance to forestall any conceivably hazardous, for example, hypovolemic stun (Gulanick et al., 2010). 4-Make a nursing care plan for Evert. Clarify and inspire you recommended nursing intercession in concurring with the four key territories recorded in the presentation? A. Evaluation: characterizing portrayed: Evert verbalizes torment, particularly regarding moving, limited concentrate, for example, withdrawal from social and physical contact, alleviation or interruption conduct( searching out staff to do exercises), eager, nervousness showed, articulation of vulnerability, and powerlessness to obtain liquid and food. B. Nursing Diagnosis: real finding: intense torment identified with serious uneasiness. Nursing result: Evert will be empower sufficient help of torment when moving or capacity to manage the torment are not completely fulfilled. Evert can perceive indications of nervousness. Hazard determination: chance for liquid volume shortfall identified with failure to obtain liquid and food. Nursing result: adequate liquids volume and electrolyte balance as proof by pee yield grater than 30ml/hr, consistency of weight, and typical skin turgor (Gulanick et al., 2010). C. Nursing Intervention: 1. Survey torment attributes: Quality as model sharp, consuming, and shooting. On the off chance that we need to gauge the degree of seriousness from 1 to 10, with 10 level it is more cut off to tolerant. Area as per anatomical depiction, beginning if its steady or unexpected. Span for to what extent is it discontinuous or nonstop (Gulanick et al., 2010). 2. Direct parenteral liquids as requested: the attendant must give tolerant IV liquids varying and as requested, challenge with middle of the road imbuement of liquids for Evert who can't obtain liquid and food (Gulanick et al., 2010). 3. Evaluate patients and help them to perceive the sign and manifestations of nervousness: it is significant for patients to have the option to know and perceive the sign and side effects of uneasiness, which will help Evert to have the option to unravel his sign and side effects when tension level is low (Gulanick et al., 2010). 4. Calming factors. Screen the patient signs and side effects with torment: Like Heart Rate, Temperature, Blood Pressure, skin shading, fretfulness, and patient failure to center. A few patients disregarding sign and side effects of torment when happen. The patients must educate the medical attendant about these sign and indications since it well helps the medical attendants in assessment (Gulanick et al., 2010). 5. Surveying the fundamental driver of torment: it is significant for specialists and medical caretakers to look to the reasons for torment in light of the fact that the various causes having various medicines (Gulanick et al., 2010). 6. Survey the patient information in regards to help with discomfort procedures: a great deal of patients may not understand how successful non tranquilize strategy on them either with or without torment slaughtering prescription. Along these lines, we need to disclose to them this point cautiously (Gulanick et al., 2010). 7. Assess patients with respect to reaction to torment prescriptions or therapeutics: it is imperative to give patients opportunity to educate nurture concerning his demeanor in regards to torment drug, and furthermore let him to discuss impact of medicine on him (Gulanick et al., 2010). 8. Evaluate patients from social, intrapersonal, intrapsychic, and natural degree factors which are offer to alleviation torment: these components will influence patients articulation on encounters, for instance some social you have total opportunity to communicate how you fell (Gulanick et al., 2010). 9. Assess what is the significance of torment to people: it is critical to all patients to know the importance of agony provided that he doesnt realize it will influence him to reaction (Gulanick et al., 2010). 10. Survey patients in regards to desire for help with discomfort: it is significant for medical caretakers to know patients assumptions about relief from discomfort either the agony diminished or torment vanished. Since these patient desire will assist the medical caretaker with knowing either the relief from discomfort or need to take an interest in another treatment (Gulanick et al., 2010). 11. Evaluate patients on the off chance that they might want to investigate some different strategies to control torment: it is essential to patient to realize that there is numerous methods of relief from discomfort (Gulanick et al., 2010). D. Assessment: Evert shows sufficient alleviation of torment, perceives sings of uneasiness, and exhibits positive way of dealing with stress. Everts pee yield more prominent than 30ml/hr, weight is predictable and with typical skin turgor (Gulanick et al., 2010). FOUR MAJOR AREAS: Side effects Control: A palliative methodology, including regard for manifestations control and the mental, social and otherworldly prosperity of the patient and their family is important at all phases of the malady, and it has been contended that thoughtfulness regarding these viewpoints joined with comprehension of the patients sentiments and concerns all add to improving personal satisfaction of the individual with intense torment (Montazeri et al., 1998). The standards of side effect control, which are utilized as standard by clinicians include: evaluation of the indication, understanding the importance attributed to it by the patient, clarification of the possible reason, examination should possibly be embraced on the off chance that they will change the strategy to be followed, foundation of treatment dependent on known or likely etiology, accessible choices for treatment, and wishes of the patient, checking of the reaction to treatment and alteration as fundamental ( Steinhaus er et al., 2000). Correspondence: make a decent connection among medical caretaker and patient which well make persistent agreeable in correspondence. Attempting to situate the patient to the earth and help him to accept encounters from individuals varying, and furthermore when the patient knows and arranged very well it will assist him with being solace and may will diminish nervousness. Help the patient to communicate restless felling if the patient has capacity to portray them. (Gulanick, 2010). Cooperation: during appraisal torment in persistent, commitments from the multidisciplinary group is essential to assess the accompanying: a point by point history of each torment, full assessment, and psychosocial evaluation, a background marked by analgesics previously utilized and the reaction to them, examinations to affirm the analysis, contingent upon the phase of sickness and the treatment choices (Ripamonte et al., 1997). Impression of agony will be affected by the importance of torment for the patient. Open conversation among colleagues, family and patient, permitting fears to be talked about, giving clarification of the side effects and consolation of proceeded with help is significant (Twycross, R. G, 1993). Family: the attendant must show patient and his/her family about intercession with respect to deficient admission, and disclose to him the significance of admission, for example, drinking liquids and eating food. Clarification of the significance of the method of reasoning and planned impact of treatment program to ease torment, decrease tensions (Gulanick et al., 2010).

Little Rectangles

Little Rectangles How smart am I? I feel like I’ve asked myself this question a thousand times since I’ve arrived at MIT, but it’s never phrased exactly like that. “How can I be so stupid?” is common. “Why can’t I get this? Everyone else can”, makes an appearance. Or maybe the fun one, “Why do I even try?”. I wouldn’t consider myself much of a sharer. On the blogs I mostly like to talk about MIT as a physical entity. “Look at this cool thing MIT did”, or “This is what MIT looks like”. This is not that blog. I’ve been marinating this post all semester, so it’s always sort of been at the back of my mind. It started as snippits and sentences that came to me when I was walking to class or sorting books in the library. Then I began adding larger chunks and incoherent paragraphs over the past few weeks. And now here we are. Welcome to the Thoughts of Taylor. I want to talk about integrals. I’m pretty sure a lot of you nerds who read these blogs know what an integral is, but my mom, who also reads these blogs, does not. So for Mom V. (3), here’s a crash course. First you have an arbitrary function. Let’s say you’re plotting the velocity of something as it moves for a set amount of time. You went for a run, and you were wearing a fancy Fitbit, so you were able to keep track of your speed at any given time during the run. If you plotted every single one of those points, it would form a curve like this: (Note the civilized metric units) But let’s say that you didn’t care about how fast you were going at any given time. You just wanted to know how far you had run (pretend the fancy Fitbit only tracks speed, not distance). Taking the integral of your speed-time graph will do just that. An integral is just a fancy way of saying, “find the area underneath the curve”: But area is length times height, right? Here the length is straight, but the height is all curvy. Now what? This is the beauty of an integral. You take the large, oddly-shaped area under the curve and zoom in: And then keep zooming in: And then suddenly, if you zoom in far enough, the curve isn’t a curve anymore, it’s a line. And you know what to do with lines, you multiply the length times height. So you can calculate the area of that little rectangle. And then you move a little farther in the x direction, and you add that little rectangle, too. And then you keep going, and keep adding little rectangles, and suddenly the large, complicated problem is just a simple sum of a lot of little rectangles. Your run is no longer a start and an end, but a million little slices of area in between: Cool. Now we all know integrals. So what? I don’t want to be super dramatic and say something like, “Life is an integral”, but like, life is an integral. Or maybe it’s just MIT that’s an integral, and once I graduate I’ll discover that life is actually a derivative or something (@Mom V. a derivative is the opposite of an integral, so this is a joke because then it would be like my time at MIT prepared me for the wrong thing and then when I get thrown out into the cold, cold world graduate I’ll be completely lost and confused. Ha. Ha.) One part I didn’t mention was the y-intercept. This is where the function crosses the vertical axis. This intercept is also the height of our first little rectangle. In the running example, this would be your starting speed. If you believe me for a second and pretend that my time at MIT can be plotted in Cartesian coordinates, that first little rectangle represents the baseline education I had when I started college. I arrived on campus with a relatively small first rectangle, but I didn’t know it until I saw everyone else’s at Orientation. Some people came to MIT with an incredibly high y-intercept. Their first little rectangle wasn’t little at all. It was a huge rectangle, filled in with AP classes and Math Olympiads and coding experience and perfect SAT scores.   Every time I looked at mine, it seemed to shrink a bit more. Especially once classes started and all I could see was a lot of Big Rectangles in the front row of the lecture hall, answering the professors questions when I barely could follow along, and acing tests that I struggled to even finish on time. It was clear that my self- taught calculus and 9th grade biology knowledge was not going to cut it anymore. I set about trying to hide my Little Rectangle. What if they find out you don’t belong here? - Sometimes I feel dumb; other times I am just completely, objectively dumb. One highlight/lowlight was staying up until 7 AM to finish a pset 7 days early, because I forgot to check the date written at the top of the page and thought it was due the next day: After some sleep, I had a good laugh. Eventually though, it hit me how sad the whole situation was. The pset took me all night to complete because I got caught up by a couple concepts that we hadn’t covered in class yet, and would be discussing in next lecture. It had never even crossed my mind that the reason I felt like I’d never seen the material before was because I had, in fact, never seen the material before. Instead, I berated myself for not paying close enough attention, for not understanding, for being too slow. Why can’t you get this? I wish I could say this was the first time I did the wrong pset, but that would be a lie. I really need to check the due dates on those things. I also really need to stop equating understanding with intelligence. - That’s what has been hardest for me to remember. That not understanding something doesn’t mean I’m not learning anything at all. It doesn’t mean I’m not intelligent, it doesn’t mean I’m going to fail. It just means that I need to find a way to understand. Freshman Taylor did not get this at all. Sure, I learned a lot. I learned so much that some days I actually didn’t know if I could cram any more into my brain. Everyday I was adding a little more to my row of rectangles. However, I still wasn’t judging my progress on a day-to-day basis. I was looking at the Big Rectangles. I was looking at my Little Rectangle. I was looking far, far down the x-axis to where I wanted to end up and forgetting that I wasn’t going to get there in one step. I felt so far behind and I was mad at myself for not learning fast enough; for struggling so much when it felt like I shouldn’t. Why can’t you figure this out on your own? - That’s the story of the GIRs. I convinced myself it would be okay once I started my major. I did a UROP over the summer and fell in love with mechanical engineering. I thought that this would make it easier. I thought maybe Sophomore year would be better. If freshman year was a firehose, sophomore fall became a flash flood. Failed tests and dropped psets and confusing lectures kept raining down on my head as I desperately tried to stay afloat. I got that email a couple of days after the second exam. I had dropped two psets and a class just to put every waking moment into this class. I took to walking around campus with an open notebook so I could squeeze in a few more statics equations between lectures. I would sit alone, late into the night, spending hours and hours on a single question, only to eventually turn in the problem set incomplete. Basketball practice became an inconvenience that made me late to office hours on Thursdays. It got to the point where I would literally dream of stress and strain problems, and wake up panicking in the middle of the night because I had messed up a free-body diagram. Apparently none of that mattered, because I was still failing. Why is this so difficult for you? Everyone else understands…. maybe you just aren’t smart enough. - And now back to the rectangles. Throughout all of my struggles the first two years, I never realized that the problem wasn’t my Little Rectangle. I probably wasn’t ever even that far behind, but I had convinced myself that I was, so I tried to hide it. I would spend hours on a problem before I asked for help. Even if I was completely lost in recitation, I would never raise my hand and ask the TA for clarification. I was determined to do everything myself, because up until this point in my life, I had never encountered a problem that I couldn’t solve by outworking it. I was focused on the big picture, this vague notion of “being smart”, and not on the only aspect of my academic life I could actually control- the production of those incremental rectangles. - Freshman year was a struggle in more ways than just academic. For the first time in my life, even basketball was hard. There was an entirely new system of offense and defense to learn, and many days it just wouldn’t click for me. I had to think so much on the court I could barely move. I was frozen in place, my mind racing to remember the steps to the complicated dance of screens and cuts and post-ups, all of which had to be coordinated with four other people simultaneously. I couldn’t do anything right. The sport I loved had turned into yet another impossible pset, and I was behind again. Wow, something else you can’t do. Shocking. Basketball is probably what grounded me in the long run, though. Much like life and MIT, basketball is, (say it with me), an integral. And even if I didn’t realize this academically, it started to make sense in my athletic life. On the basketball team we call this day-by-day process of making rectangles “controlling the controllables”. Instead of focusing on some far-off, lofty goal of a championship, every day you go to practice. And every practice you ask yourself, “What can I do today to get just a little better today than I was yesterday?”. Maybe today I want to make sure I box out every single time a shot goes up. Maybe today I want to execute my spot in all of the plays perfectly. Even that can be broken down further- I’m going to cut hard on this play. I’ll focus on this drill, on this possession. In this moment, I’m going to get a little better. And eventually all of those days, all of those little moments, every single box out and cut and screen, all (hopeful ly) add up to your end goal of a championship. This made so much sense to me in the setting of Rockwell Cage. However, it’s a bit harder to track progress this clearly in academics. How can you really tell if you’re better at thermodynamics today than you were yesterday? To be completely honest, I don’t know. Theoretically you should be able to judge your academic progress by tests, but that seems like the easy way out. That’s like jumping from the start of the season to the championship, and forgetting every practice in between. That’s like looking back judging yourself based on your Little Rectangle, and ignoring all of the other rectangles you’ve made since. When you bomb an exam, maybe that’s when it’s time to think about the integral and not the rectangles for a minute. It’s reassuring to be able to step back and look at the sum of the parts sometimes. Because even if you fail the test or lose the championship, all of those rectangles still add up to something. - And now we’re going to wrap up the whole Big/Little Rectangle saga. (Stage fright is only part of the reason why the Thoughts of Taylor rarely makes an appearance; meandering is a big factor). As a junior, I’m so far along the x-axis of MIT I don’t even notice my Little Rectangle anymore. The problem now is I forget that I have any rectangles at all. I know I still need to work on this. There are only so many hours in the day, and if you spend half of them struggling on a pset for a single class because you’re convinced you should just be able to get it, and you have three other classes, and you’re trying to play sports/look for internships/have friends/eat and sleep sometimes this is unsustainable and I have learned that the hard way. I know I still need to work on this. I’m still self-conscious when it takes me longer to understand something than it does for my classmates. I still compare my progress to others. I need to ask more questions. l need to remind myself that being confused by a lecture or struggling with a problem doesn’t define me. Even if I don’t have a rectangle to show for the day, I still have all of those other rectangles behind me, proving that I’ve understood a lot of lectures and I’ve finished a lot of problems. I know all of this is true, or at least somewhat true, but I’m still not convinced. I’ve spent the last three years telling myself to just keep going, just keep working harder, and it will get better. It sounded desperate for a while, and now it’s just a whisper it will get better it will get better it will get better itwillgetbetteritwillgetbetter. After a certain point it just sounds hollow. But in the meantime, maybe throwing my insecurities into the depths of the Internet is a step in the right direction: “Hey everyone, look at my Little Rectangle! There are a lot of things I don’t know. I’ve failed tests and dropped classes. Sometimes IHTFP. Sometimes I really HTFP.” That felt good. Post Tagged #GIRs #IHTFP

Psychology Psychodynamic And Behavioral Perspectives

In psychology there are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining the human behavior. I believe to truly explain the complex mental processes and behavior, each perspective must be examined and not limited to just one. The following is my explanation and comparisons between two of these perspectives: psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives pertaining to the article in the American Psychologist October 2000, Hunger, Eating, and I11 Health, by John P. J. Pinel, Sunaina Assanand, and Darrin R. Lehman. The behavioral view is defined as the psychological perspective that emphasizes the power of the environment to influence behavior. The behavioral view is often referred to as behaviorism and was developed by psychologists who disagreed with the cognitive view. Instead of looking at the mental processes, behaviorists look at humans externally by observing the effects of people, objects, and events on behavior. The stimulus-response connection, developed by behaviorists, explains human behavior by stating that each response has a stimulus. An example would be a hunger (the stimulus) causing a person to eat (the response). True behaviorists claim that thoughts, feelings, and motives do not play a role in determining behavior. Thoughts and feelings are not the cause, but the result. B. F. Skinner is quoted as saying, TheShow MoreRelatedPerspectives of Psychology1141 Words   |  5 PagesPerspectives of Psychology Psychology can be defined as the systematic study of mental processes, couple with behaviors, and experiences (Kalat, 2011). There are many ways in examining, mental processes and behaviors among people, and therefore psychologist uses different perspectives to understand how human beings, think, act, and behave. 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Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining the human behavior. I believe to truly explain the complex mental processes and behavior, each perspective must be examined, not limited to just one. The following is my explanation and comparisons between two of these pers pectives: psychodynamic and behavioral. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;TheRead MoreFour Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology1803 Words   |  7 Pagesmany approaches to clinical psychology; the four major approaches are in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems. Using the four major approaches contributes to the effectiveness in treatment by identifying the goals of each approach. The paper will break down the approaches, goals, techniques, and the overall approaches used. Philosophical Origins of Clinical Psychology ApproachesAs Thomas Plante (2005) cleverly suggested, clinical psychology is both a science and an artRead MoreThe Question in the Origins of Psychology is What Drives Us and Why722 Words   |  3 Pageswas considered as its own scientific discipline. Psychology began in 1879 when a man named Wilhelm Wundt set up a psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. This laboratory would be considered the birth place of experimental psychology. Within the laboratory, Wundt independently trained over 180 students. Over 100 of these students came from other countries, and then returned to their native countries with the knowledge of experimental psychology. Of the one-hundred, Edward Titchener returned toRead MorePsychology : Theory Of Psychology1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Psychology Module 1. Explain how a person committed to each of the following contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression. a. Psychodynamic: A person committed to psychodynamics would see that human functions are based on the interaction of drives and forces within the unconscious mind of a person. This influences different structures of the personality of the person as well. In addition, a person that is committed to psychodynamics would believe that the fundamentalRead MoreFoundations of Psychology Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesFoundations of Psychology According to science philosopher Thomas Kuhn, the ongoing development of scientific paradigms is responsible for scientific progress. A scientific paradigm has three basic characteristics: a series of assertions that provide a model of the object of study, a group of common metaphors that assist with comprehension of the object of study, and a methodology that is accepted by the scientific community to provide legitimate and valuable data when carried out correctly. WithinRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Psychology There are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, social, cultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining human behavior. I think that really explains the complex mental processes and behavior, and each prospective study should not be limited to just one. The following is my explanation of the terms and comparisons between the psychodynamic and behavioral aspects relating to the OctoberRead MoreThe Psychology of Coaching: Systemic Psychodynamic Coaching1427 Words   |  6 PagesSystemic Psychodynamic Coaching: The psychology of coaching can be understood as the efficient application of behavioral science to improve work performance, life experience, and the wellbeing of people, groups, and organizations. This technique is used to enhance these various aspects for people who do not possess medically significant mental health challenges or unusual distress levels. Coaching psychology is a relatively new educational and applied sub-discipline even though psychologists haveRead MoreComparison and Contrast of the Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavior Theories1113 Words   |  5 PagesComparison and Contrast of the Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavior Theories In life, humanity is on a journey much like walking through a forest full of trees that requires consistent observation while navigating the path traveled. Remaining on course is a very important part of arriving at the destination of achievement and success. There is no way to have complete certainty of always arriving on time, as all the variables come into the picture of that journey which psychology also does in relation to

The Mozart Effect and Infant Intelligence - 1408 Words

In modern society intelligence is highly competitive and subject to scrutiny; therefore, it is understandable that a child’s intelligence is a primary concern for many parents. The Mozart effect, popularised in the 1990s, resulted in many parents believing that simply exposing their child to music composed by Mozart would improve their intelligence (Campbell, 1997). The claim was founded by research published in the journal Nature, which suggested that spatial reasoning could be temporarily enhanced by listening to one of Mozart’s compositions for ten minutes (Rauscher, Shaw Ky, 1993). It will be argued that there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that playing Mozart to babies will increase their intelligence. Firstly, the†¦show more content†¦A study intending to emulate the results expressed in the original study was performed on preschool aged children exposing them to similar variables as those in the original study (Hui, 2007). The study sho wed no empirical evidence that listening to Mozart is more beneficial for children than ulterior conditions (Hui, 2007). This disproves the belief that listening to Mozart makes a child smarter also making the generalization from the Rauscher et al (1993) inconclusive. There are also a number of other factors that have been overlooked when comparing the finding of the original study to the Mozart effect in children. Another discerning factor expressed in the original study was the test used to assess intelligence between the participants. The portion of the Stanford-Binet test used in the original study focuses on one aspect of intelligence, namely, spatial reasoning (Rauscher et al, 1993). Therefore, it would be invalid to assume that high scores on this specific test delineate an increase in overall general intelligence. The test itself is also bias as specific cultures outperform others, as cultural environment has an influence on intelligence, which may lead to deficits in the results found (Weinberg, 1989). Sternberg (2004) found that IQ tests are effective at predicting academic success in western individuals but are not conclusive measures of overall intelligence or ability to succeed. Gardner (1999) also proposed that IQ test alsoShow MoreRelatedDoes Playing Mozart to Babies Make Them Smarter? Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart Effect Resource Centre website, music educator Don Campbell made the claim that â€Å"classical music has a powerful effect on the intellectual and creative development of children from the very youngest of ages.† (Campbell, n.d.). To critically evaluate this claim a number of sources have been analysed. Through this analysis it was found that the claim cannot be supported by reliable empirical research and that classical music only produces short-term cognitive enhancement. This effect canRead More Musics Effect on Intelligence Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesMusics Effect on Intelligence Music is said to affect the intellect of humans in several different ways. Specifically, it is said to affect infants more than any other age group. Music can improve learning skills, test taking skills, concentration, heartbeat, and relaxation. Music has been proven to offer several benefits for infants, young children, young adults, as well as for adults. With all of this in mind, how can one connect music with intellect? Many recent research studies focusRead MoreMozart Effect Field Research1740 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Mozart Effect Field Research PSYCH/600 Diana Slade September 30, 2013 Dr. Debra Jennings Mozart Effect Field Research Many parents have come to believe that music, especially classical music played during pregnancy or in the nursery of their newborns would make their precious bundle of joy smarter. Is there science to prove that this is true, or is it just a quick way to sale books, cd, and videos’. The Mozart Effect drove expectant mothersRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay931 Words   |  4 Pagesmusic can evoke specific thoughts and feelings from the listener. But can music –specifically the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- summon hidden intelligences within the human brain? That is the question scientists are trying to answer. In the mid-nineties, scientists, Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky, claimed that music could boost the listener’s intelligence up to 9 points (Steele 2). To many, this allegation seemed a bit far-fetched and soon other researchers began recreating theRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mozart effect† is a believe that listening to music could enhance individuals’ intelligence, and therefore lead to better performance in various spheres, such as languages and arithmetics. There are researches pointed out that listening to music while tasks performance would result in significant boost of scores. The effect of listening to Mozart’s music on spatial seasoning was looked over in 1933 by Dr. Rauscher, three common tests about abstract spatial reasoning were given to the participantsRead MoreListening And Classical Music At An Early Age Helps Make Children Smarter1843 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The Mozart-Effect is the concept that listening to classical music at an early age helps make children smarter. It has long been held that learning a musical instrument also helps develop the brain differently, and can improve math ability specifically. Over the past two decades people have wondered whether or not the Mozart-effect really works. Will listening to classical music or learning how to play an instrument increase a person’s intelligence? If so, how does it affect a person’sRead MoreClassical Music: The Mozart Effect Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart effect is a phenomena whereby listening to ten minutes of Mozart’s music, a person’s spatial IQ is boosted by 8-9 points (on the Stanford-Binet IQ Scale), in comparison to listening to ten minutes of a relaxation tape or silence (Rauscher, Shaw and Ky, 1993). This literature review critically assesses the key works and concepts concerning the Mozart effect, specifically its methodologies, its limits, and finally, alternative theories. While some academics argue that ‘listening to MozartRead MoreThe Myth And Its Impact On Development And Aging1805 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscovery. However, the myth has caused the public to show additional inspiration in their practices. Most scholars consider this a significant achievement. On the other hand, myths relating to intelligence and intellectual accomplishments have provided their view on human brain development. Intelligence and intellectual accomplishments are some of the most treasured achievements in the American society. Every parent looks forward to bragging about their children’s academic achievements and areRead MoreThe Effect Of Mozart s Piano Sonata K448 On Patients Who Were Suffering From Epilepsy1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect is a phenomenon that occurs when individuals listen to the two piano sonata. The stated results are individuals that are able to remember information easier. There are two studies that were conducted in associated with the Mozart Effect. The first study was dedicated to spatial skill performance and its neural pathway relation to music. The other study was dedicated to challenging the first study due to the argument that any type of music that is appreciated can cause the sameRead MoreMusic Makes Children Smarter : Music Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagessubjects. Universities have concluded that a specific part of our brain had a major role that can progress to become intellectual when exposed to classical music, and later on, was exposed to another conclusion, that classical music, only has rapid effect in specific amount of time. Professors and theorists dispute with disagreement that listening to classical music is uncertain and does not necessarily make people smarter. Listening to other music other than classical, however, was proven to be more

State Policy Affect on the Family (Uk) Free Essays

Using information from Items B and C and elsewhere, examine the ways in which state policy may affect families and households State policy has an influence on families and households through the laws the government create, and the messages certain policies give. Item B says that â€Å"The state has intervened significantly in families for a considerable length of time†, showing how the government considers it part of their responsibility for the families of Britain. However, the state has been accused of not doing enough to protect the traditional nuclear family. We will write a custom essay sample on State Policy Affect on the Family (Uk) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some commentators have suggested that some liberal state policies, especially those introduced in the 1960’s (such as the 1969 divorce act and the legalisation of homosexuality in 1967), are responsible for the perceived decline in traditional family values. Those who claim that the family is in decline can be grouped under the label ‘New right’. They are usually conservative thinkers and politicians who believe strongly in tradition and dislike change. They believe that there was a ‘golden age’ of the family, in which husbands and wives were strongly committed to each other for life, and children were brought up to respect their parents, the authority, and the law. Item B says that â€Å"conservative thinkers tend to believe that there has not been enough state input into protecting the traditional family, or that state interference has actually contributed to the families decline by encouraging the development of ‘deviant’ living arrangements. They believe that equal opportunities and the equal pay legislation distracted women from their ‘natural’ careers as mothers and wives. They say that the 1969 divorce reform act undermined the commitment to marriage and that homosexuality is ‘unnatural’ and deviant. However, some state policies have tried to uphold the traditional family. Tax and welfare policies have generally favoured and encouraged heterosexual married couples rather th an cohabiting couples, single parents and same-sex couples. Graham Allen (1985) said that there policies have discouraged cohabitation and lone-parent families. Policies such as the payment of child benefit to the mother, and the government’s reluctance to fund free universal nurseries, have reinforced the idea that it is the woman (mother) who should take prime responsibility for the children. Also, the fact a coordinated set of family policies was not introduced until 1999 may reflect the state’s tendency to see the family as a private institution, and therefore reluctance to interfere. Nevertheless, the New right still think that government policies have damaged the nuclear family ideal. They claim that the government has encouraged women to return to work, and therefore ‘damaged’ children by ‘maternal deprivation’. Morgan (2000) even suggests that the government is ‘anti marriage’, and that the government is responsible for ‘deviant’ family types. Item C says that Dr Adrian Rodgers, of the group Family Focus, says that ‘homosexual couples cannot be defined as families- the basis of true love is the ability to procreate and have children’. The government has also had a positive effect on the individuals within the family. Conservative government made marital rape illegal in 1991, and the children’s acts (e. 1989) have increased rights for women and children within the family. Many people believe that this has strengthened the family, although others believe that this had undermined traditional male dominance within the family. Feminists say that the male dominance within the family is called priv ate patriarchy, and in order to eradicate male dominance in society, we must first eradicate private patriarchy, which several state policies have attempted to do. In 2003, Labour appointed a Minister for children, and in 2007 they formed the Department for Children, Schools and Families. Lewis (2007) says that Labour have taken a ‘social investment in children’ and have increasingly recognized that family forms are changing. Lone mothers are no longer condemned as a moral problem and threat. Labour introduced policies such as the New Deal of 1998 to help lone mothers get back into work. They have also invested in subsidies for nursery childcare, lengthened maternity leave from 14 weeks to 9 months, and introduced the right for parents of young children to ask for flexible working patterns from their employers. However, this has attracted criticism that it is undermining family privacy and has constructed a ‘nanny state’ which over interferes in personal living arrangements. Furthermore, the government is still accused of conforming to familial ideology (the ‘ideal’ family; the preferred model is the traditional nuclear family with a clear sexual division of labour) in that the policy emphasis is still overwhelmingly on motherhood rather than parenting in general and fatherhood, for example in the way that there are limited rights of fathers to take paid paternity leave. Feminists have claimed that familial ideology is merely a patriarchal ideology, which ensures male dominance in the workplace. Oakley says that the government (and society) has the view that women have a maternal instinct, which follows on from the view that women, who choose not to have children, are ‘deviant’. In conclusion, the state has created many policies which affect families and households. The government can be seen to be encouraging marriage and discouraging cohabitation. Item C says that Lord Nicholls says that the family bond must be of a â€Å"relationship which is permanent or at least intended to be so†. Fox Harding (1996) argues that the best council housing is often allocated to married couples with children and the worst housing on ‘problem’ estates are allocated to lone-parent families. This suggests that the tradition nuclear family is the dominant family type, and the government discouraged other types of families. The state has also encouraged families to take responsibility for the elderly and long-term sick/disabled. Female members of the family often carry the burden of this care, which means they are less likely to work full time and are more likely to be economically dependent on a man. This suggests that the government is reinforcing the traditional sexual division of labour. The new right say that the family is decline, but it may just be that it is simply changing, and the government changes its policies in accordance to how families change or need to be changed for the better. How to cite State Policy Affect on the Family (Uk), Essays

Name Essays (2396 words) - Hematology, Medicine, RTT,

Name Instructor Course Date Diseases notebook Disease: Chronic Blood Loss Anemia -2286004000500 Description: Anemia can be defined as a reduction in the quantity of the pigment carrying pigment known as hemoglobin in the circulating blood. The main part of the red blood cells is the hemoglobin given that it binds oxygen. If a person has too few or abnormal red blood cells then the body will not get enough oxygen. Causes: The most common cause of this anemia is excessive bleeding. When the body loses blood, the body pulls water from the tissues that are out the bloodstream to keep the blood vessels filled. This makes the blood to be diluted and hematocrit is reduced. Course/ Symptoms: The symptoms of this disease include fatigue, pale or yellowish skin, weakness, irregular heartbeats, chest pains, dizziness or lightheadedness, headache, cold hands and feet. Test/Diagnosis/ laboratory findings: The diagnostic studies include redistribution of red blood cells width, peripheral blood smear, and corrected reticulocytes index. Any other testing is guided by the results of the studies. Treatment/Prognosis: The treatment will involve first of all finding the source of the bleeding and stopping it. Transfusion of the red blood cells is needed in this case. If the blood loss is slow then the body may produce enough blood cells that corrects the anemia without blood transfusion. The people who have anemia need to take iron supplements for several months. The iron tablets come in terms of tablets. Recent advancement in treatment of this disease is the use of recombinant human erythropoietin Disease: Aplastic Anemia -2286004000500 Description: Aplastic anemia can be described as a condition occurring when the body stops producing enough new blood cells. This disease leaves the body fatigued and with a high risk of uncontrolled bleeding and infections. In plastic anemia the bone marrow is described as hypoplastic or aplastic in medical terms. Prevalence: Aplastic anemia can develop at any age. It can occur slowly and get worse as time goes by. Causes This disease develops when there is a damage in the bone marrow, hence shutting down the production of new blood cells. The bone marrows are found inside the bones and they produce stem cells Course/ Symptoms: The symptoms of aplastic anemia includes shortness of breath with exertion, fatigue, irregular or rapid heart rate, prolonged or frequent infections, pale skin, easy or unexplained bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, bleeding gums or nosebleeds, dizziness, skin rash and headache. The disease progresses slowly over weeks or months or in some cases it can come suddenly. The experience of the illness may be acute or chronic. There are cases that it can be severe or fatal. Test/Diagnosis/ laboratory findings: Aplastic anemia can be diagnosed by blood tests, normally the white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells are always in the same range. Aplastic anemia may be suspected when all the three are at a low level. It can be diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy, here the doctor removes the bone marrow sample and is examined under a microscope to rule out the other blood related diseases. In the plastic anemia disease the bone marrow contains few blood cells than the normal level. Treatment/Prognosis: Aplastic anemia can be treated by the observation of the mild cases, blood transfusions and serious cases are treated by medications. The severe cases will involve marrow transplantation. There are cases where blood cell counts are low and is life threatening, these cases requires immediate hospitalization for the treatment to take place. Blood transfusion is not a cure for this disease but it relieves the signs and symptoms. Immunosuppressants involve drugs altering or suppressing the immune system, this is for the people who cannot undergo a bone marrow transplant. Disease: B Thalassemia -2286004000500 Description: B Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by less hemoglobin and few red blood cells in the body than the normal. Hemoglobin allows the carrying of oxygen in the red blood cells. Few red blood cells and low hemoglobin can cause anemia in some cases leaving you fatigued. Causes : The biggest cause of B Thalassemia is the mutation of the DNA cells making hemoglobin. This mutation is passed from the parents to the

Living on your own

Living on your own Free Online Research Papers As an adolescent growing up, I learned part of becoming a mature adult is learning how to be self independent. For example, one way to experience self independency is when you attend college away from home and you no longer have the guidance you did in high school. In college, you are no longer in the confinement of your parents’ rules or boundaries. For instance, when you lived at home and your parents might have repeatedly told you to come home by a certain time when you went out: when in college you can come and leave as you please without paying any consequences. Also, while living on a school campus, it is more convenient to get to your classes because you do not have to travel via bus or mass transit to get school to attend your classes. However, while living at home and going to college, commuting will take some time and may cause you to be late or absent for some of your classes. Living at home with your parents can also benefit you financially while going to college. At home, you maybe fortunate to have home cooked meals and your room is already provided for. While living on a college campus, you must pay for a dorm room which is in most cases costly. In addition, the cost of meals on campus in comparison to home is also much more expensive. Also, when living at home as a college freshman, your parents usually provide you with basic necessities on a daily basis and you do not have to pay for it. While this maybe true, when attending college you have the support of those at home but you are required to be more independent as you do not have the ones at home immediately available to provide for you. In conclusion, if you want to become a mature independent adult, you must first learn how to live on your own. College is the perfect experience to test your maturity. Research Papers on Living on your ownPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtStandardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayTwilight of the UAW

3 Easy Ways to Supplement Your Freelance Writing Income

3 Easy Ways to Supplement Your Freelance Writing Income All it takes is a willingness to do some writing projects that may not be particularly well-paying, exciting or creative, but can bring in enough extra dollars to keep you going between projects. Outlined below are three ways you can explore temporary and one-time jobs. Utilize Craigslist in Multiple Cities Search for one-time writing gigs on Craigslist, and search for jobs in cities outside of your geographical area. Here is a simple way to bookmark the classified pages for jobs listed in any city, using the city of Chicago as an example: 1) Type Chicago craigslist in your browser bar2) Click on Classifieds: Jobs. Bookmark the page (I have 22 major cities bookmarked.)3) Scroll down the â€Å"jobs† category and click on â€Å"writing/editing.† If you don’t find anything of interest, go back to the jobs page, scroll to the bottom of the category listing and click on â€Å"Gigs.  Ã‚     Craigslist is free; try posting your services under â€Å"Resume† and troll for jobs in major cities.   Create an Account at Amazon Mechanical Turk Sign up to be a â€Å"turker† on the Mechanical Turk Welcome Page. This division of Amazon.com employs people to do a variety of tasks, including writing, for hundreds of clients. The easiest way to learn the ropes, get advice and learn shortcuts is to join Turker Nation. This free forum provides great tips about which writing and editing tasks to choose. The downside to turking is that you forfeit all copyrights to what you have written. However, most writing tasks involve nothing more than a few paragraphs describing a place or a product. You choose to get paid via PayPal or an Amazon.com gift card. The other appealing aspect of turking is that there are a variety of non-writing tasks you can do- some can even be done while you watch television. I sometimes take several short surveys a day, and Collect brochures, business cards, fliers and marketing materials from local businesses. Review the documents. Note editing suggestions, or rewrite any text that is grammatically incorrect or just plain clunky. (Don’t edit or rewrite the entire piece; do just enough to illustrate how a professional touch can make a difference.) Go to the business owner and present your ideas; suggest that you would be willing to edit or rewrite portions that would help them advertise their business more profitably, or that would help present their business to the public in a more professional light. Be willing to do the work for less than your normal fee. Many small business owners don’t have polished advertising materials because they couldn’t afford it in the first place. Ask that your services be recommended to other local businesses.

Media Ethics - Lawyers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Ethics - Lawyers - Essay Example A novel tells of a kind and diligent lawyer, married with two children, who work tirelessly to put the evidence together to protect a house cleaner physically abused by his billionaire master. The lawyer shows so much kindness and cares to the client with an intention of helping her get justice. Due to the closeness, and the problem the lawyer is facing at home with the wife, the lawyer falls in love with the client and they engage in a sexual relationship. In the movie, Mr. Shawn exhibits a series of unethical activities through bribing the witness to lie to the court to set free individuals involved in crime. Most states have established clear rules that make bribing of witnesses or potential witnesses a crime against the state. For instance, in California, section 137(a) of the Penal Code emphasizes that an individual who offers, gives, or makes a promise of any form of bribe to a witness or another individual that is to be called upon to testify in relation to a given case, to convince them to a certain agreement or understanding commits a felony (National Council of State Legislators, 2015). Shawn bars the truth from the court from obtaining the truth and deceives the court to let an individual get away with a crime. Shawn’s actions go against the code of ethics that upholds honesty, as he tried to influence the decisions of the judge by attempting to bribe him. On the other hand, the lawyer in the novel also acted outside the code of ethics by engaging in a sexual relationship with the client.

Women in mathematics,Science,and Engineering Essay - 1

Women in mathematics,Science,and Engineering - Essay Example However, women are highly underrepresented in science and technology studies at the secondary and tertiary levels of education, and in the overall technical workforce. This is despite evidence that suggests further involvement of women in technology related fields would greatly improve innovations and economic development in most countries (OECD, 11). Young girls are currently less involved in technical subjects as early as in their high school level; only a third of students in OECD countries taking biology, advanced chemistry, and physics related subjects are girls. In the United States, only 15% of girls are enrolled in advanced computer science studies, despite the growing computer literacy among all young people. Therefore, there is need to critically address the low enrollment of women in science and technology based fields to bridge the large gap between male and female expatriates in science and technical fields. Currently, women in US and other OECD countries are increasingl y enrolling in male dominated engineering and mathematics fields; there has been a remarkable impact on the number of women enrolling for engineering and math intensive courses.... There is a serious under representation of women in engineering enrollment in the western world. In the US, there are evident and remarkable differences in the numbers of females enrolled in various engineering disciplines. These trends are indicative of specific university features, or some courses appearing attractive to females, resulting in higher numbers of female students in some science and technical courses compared to others (Gill etal, 392). For example, in Australia, though engineering is regarded as one of the highly paid professions, requires high tertiary scores before admission to university, and has the highest level of employment from the graduate level, females in Australia make below 14% of the total first year enrollments in engineering; this is despite the given incentives, high professional status of engineers, and high pay offered in engineering (Grill et al, 392). Moreover, in Australia, women have been leaving the engineering profession at a much higher rate compared to men, which suggests that women underrepresentation in engineering will continue to worsen. This is complicated by the fact that high performing females who overcome the barriers to score highly in math and science subjects, and would be expected to take engineering as the best course, prefer other courses such as Law and medicine, with female students making more than 50% of first year enrollments in these studies across Australia (Grill et al, 392). The trend where high performing female students in Australia prefer law and medicine to engineering hints on the social implications of being an engineer. Law and medicine are associated with

Design Proposal for Smartphone Technology

Design Proposal for Smartphone Technology HUMAN MOBILE Your personal invisible communication platform The goal of this project is to propose an innovative and futuristic design of new era mobile smartphone. It is been suggested that the whole device will be implanted to the human body. The aim of the following analysis and key points are the correct choice of the right materials for the task, with focus on the biocompatibility and the practicality of them. Due to the introduction of the smartphone as we know it nowadays, our daily routine has considerably improved. With a device that fits in a pocket, it is possible to communicate instantaneously with anyone that has an internet connection everywhere on the planet, use it as a precise navigator while a couple of years ago it could only be done with a separated device, make payments through i-banking and not wasting valuable time during the day to deal with common banking transactions and the list goes on and on. It is not unreasonable to say that a strong bond is developed between the user and the mobile phone. People are rarely separated from their mobile phones and use them consistently. The constant use and dependence to the mobile phone can lead to several problems which are: the requirement of carrying the device permanently, the limited battery life although the progress made the need of carrying a charger or a power bank and finally, there is the probability of theft (especially if it is a high value device) leading to the exposure of private data. The introduced design can provide total privacy, a fabulous experience in video streaming through a contact lens and leaves the word charging back to history. 3.1. Problem scope Human Mobile is a series of the micro-devices implanted into the human body, through signal transmittance from each component to achieve several functions. There are many problems to take in consideration, which are: Each device should have a relatively long life span. Reduce potential radiation. Excellent thermal diffusivity. Bio-compatibility. In conventional mobile phones, replacement the rate of the old generation by the recent one is frequent, human mobile focus on providing customer privacy and latest technology. All the devices will be implanted in the human body, so the product must be designed with a long life span. Radiation is a potential problem that many people care about, due to fact that high amounts of radiation can provoke cancerogenesis. All devices should have an excellent thermal diffusivity allowing quick heat evacuation to reduce the possibility of the devices overheat that can lead to an explosion. The most significant problem is to secure the bio-compatibility of all the parts. Nobody wants to implant an instrument in the body that can cause health issues even though it is convenient. The above parameters will affect the selection of materials. All materials must meet the conditions mentioned above. 3.2. Design requirement The human mobile consists of five main components: an ultra-thin micro Bluetooth speaker implant in the ear; a photo visual processor, in the shape of a contact lens, making it easy to put on and take off; a pressure sensor, that acts as a keyboard and mouse; a circuit board containing microchip, acting as the brain of the human mobile, responsible for transmitting signals between the processor and the outer world, it will be implanted in arms; a battery to provide electricity current, it will be implanted under the foot. All these devices will be covered by a radiation-reducing coating material, at the same time; the coating material must also have excellent thermal diffusivity. 2.2.1. Ultra-thin micro Bluetooth speaker Micro Bluetooth is implanted behind the ear, it should be as thin as possible, and the level of sounds should be lower than normal Bluetooth speaker, because high volume noises will harm the ear. 2.2.2. Photovisual processor The Photo visual processor is a contact-lens like processor, a micro OLED screen included in to provide digital photo during use, the digital photo connects with the processor sensor, and the customer enjoys an experience of touch-screen everywhere. The processor must be comfortable to the eyeballs. 2.2.3. Pressure sensor A pressure sensor implanted in the fingertip, with a microchip attached as well and according to the change of pressure from the fingertip, the pressure sensor catches the signal and the microchip process it then sends the signal to the visual processor. The sensor should be as tiny as possible to implant in the fingertip. 2.2.4. CPU This is the most important part of the human mobile; normally a CPU is occupying quite a large size when implanted it in the human body, so the implanting position must be a seldom used area, like arms or legs. At the same time, the CPU board should be relatively flexible to resist and absorb hits and shocks from the external environment. The size of it should be as small as possible. 2.2.5 Battery A battery is needed to provide current to each component. The battery must be able to provide adequate current, and at the same time to generate current as well. A piezoelectric battery is chosen; it can generate current by compression. The battery will be implanted under the foot, so people can generate current by walking. 2.2.6 Coatings The coating material is used to cover every facility that is implanted in the human body. It must be bio-compatible and non-toxic. Moreover, during the selection of the coating material, a radiation-reduced material is preferred. 3.3. Design description When customer using human mobile, the CPU will send/receive signals at first, and then transmit these signals into voice/visual form to micro speaker/visual processor. When the user would like to reply at messages, he can easily use his finger tip to type messages through a lighten keyboard provided by the visual processor. Also more entertainment purpose functions can be achieved by these facilities. For human-mobile design, a combination of cost efficiency, electrical properties, thermal expansion and density are crucial. Biocompatibility for each material is not particularly included because the electrical component will be coated with a biocompatible coating. All of those considerations were put together for an Ashby diagram to be constructed. To reduce the price for implanted surgery, the price for each material is constraint to be no more than 25à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤/kg while the density has its limit below 10g/cm3. Various materials from each group were selected for six major parts of the design based on the diagram in Figure 1. Figure 1. Ashby Diagram 4.1Microprocessor Every device has a brain to control its functions. It builds-up from four main parts into one, known as microprocessor. These parts are: transistor, resistor, capacitor, and diode. According to WhatIs.com (2015), transistor is a device that controls the flow of current and voltage, acts as a switch on/off gate for electronic signals. Conductive materials like metal will easily transfer the electrical flow without control, while isolator materials like plastic will transmit neither current nor voltage. Semiconductor is the perfect material that able to transport the electrical flow and control it[1]. Radio-electronic.com (n, d) listed some of semiconductor materials that are widely used in electronic devices. Germanium is on the top list, and placed on the second but is the most used for electronic devices [2]. Even though the charge carrier mobility is less than germanium, it offers a lot easier manufacturing process, exists as the second most abundant elements on earth, hence more efficient cost for production [3]. The second component is the resistor. Resistor has a specific and unchanging resistance that will limit the flow of electrons through the circuit [4]. The different point between a resistor and a transistor is that the fist only consumes the power but cannot generate it like transistor, thence it is a passive component. Materials used for making a resistor can be divided into two parts, the wire and the core. The wire usually made from carbon, metal alloy (nickel-alloy), metal oxide or foil. Meanwhile, the core often made from ceramic, fiberglass, or carbon [5]. To store the electrical charge of electronic devices, capacitor is used. Capacitor is made from conductive and dielectric material. Dielectric material is a non-conductive substance that determines the properties of capacitor. SCHOOT (2014) stated, glass ceramic is a pore free material which able to assist high dielectric strength and provide a high storage density. It is very suitable to be applied as a capacitor, especially if manufactured in nano-sized crystalline structure [6]. Finally, the last component that controls the microprocessor is the diode. It functions as a controller of which direction the current flow, prevents damage to the circuit due to back flow or electromotive force, and consist of cathode and anode [7]. It also provides time lag to stabilize the power within the circuit. Diodes usually are made from semiconductor materials like silicon. Electrons in P-type and N-type of silicon attracted with each other, they tend to build up until it prevents the free movement of any further electron [8]. To increase the conductivity of the circuit, copper or gold are deposited by electroplating process [9]. For this design, the materials chosen for the microprocessor are silicon for both transistor and diode, fibreglass for the substrate of resistor and nickel alloy for its wire and glass ceramic for the capacitor. Properties of selected materials are summarized in table 1. 4.2 Battery To provide electricity for the component to work, efficient battery which provide enough energy needs to be chosen. Considering biocompatibility of the component, green energy were chosen for the design. One of the options is piezoelectric a material. Piezoelectric can be defined any material, which converts kinetic energy into electricity. The atoms inside the piezoelectric crystal are arranged in an unsymmetrical way but however their charges are balanced [10]. Applying mechanical force into the crystal will disturb the arrangement and misplace the atoms, creating net electrical charges. Utilizing its feature, a piezoelectric device can supply self-sufficient energy system. Piezoelectric materials can be found in either natural or synthetic. Natural crystals which exhibits this characteristics are quartz, topaz, and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate)[10]. Synthetic ceramic materials with a perovskite crystalline structure are materials such as Lead Zirconia Titanate (PZT) or more environmental friendly lead-free piezoceramic. One example of lead-free piezoceramic material that shows big potential is Potasium Sodium Niobate (KNN). Figure 2. How Piezoelectricity Works[10] KNN based piezoceramic shows competitive value of dielectric constant (driven charge per unit force applied in the parallel/perpendicular direction) for about 9.01-13.81 F/m (10-9) compared to PZT 15.3-16.59 F/m (10-9)[11]. From medical aspect, bone can be categorized as piezoelectric material because apatite-collagen relationship can be assumed like p-n junctions[12]. Cytotoxities of KNN have also been evaluated and viability of mouse fibroblast cultured for 24 h were respectively 84%, which means the ion dissolution relatively controllable[12]. Alternative material, for example quartz or the synthetic version of it is fused silica, which has high purity silicon. It has been used for many medical instruments due to its inert properties and biocompatible with humans body[13]. Comparing between KNN and quartz, it is more costly efficient and superior properties to use quartz than KNN. Table 1. Properties for electrical material Materials Density/ gcm-3 Thermal expansion coefficient/ strainoC-1 Electrical resistivity/ ohm.cm Dielectric strength/ MVm-1 Quartz 2.20 0.48 0.52 3.16e24 1e26 25 40 Glass ceramic 9658 2.52 8.72 9.07 3.16e19 3.16e20 38 40 Silicon 2.33 2 3.2 1e6 1e10 5 12 Graphite 2.23 7 7.59 276 348 Copper C15100 8.94 16.8 16.9 1.91 2.04 Germanium 5.32 5.9 1e5 5e7 16 Gold 19.3 14.2 2.44 KNN 4.1 6.5 8e6 5e8 1.3 4.3 Speaker OLED As for a speaker used in the human mobile, the ultra-thin speakers were chosen. Piezoelectric speakers are chose for the reason they are much thinner than the speakers normally used in mobile phones [14]-[16]. In the design of human mobile, we used a kind of piezoelectric speakers with a good sound quality and with a thickness of 0.9-mm. This kind of ultra-thin speaker mentioned in this design has already been successfully used in slim mobile phones nowadays. The ultra-thin piezoelectric speakers are made up of 4 sections, single-layer piezoceramics, shim materials, an elastic polymer and frame, as the picture shown below. Figure 3. Piezoelectric Speaker Figure 4. OLED 4 layers Both sides of the speakers are covered by a silver electrode. Zirconnia and ceramics with an advantage in thickness is used as the piezoceramics layer [17]. Copper is used as the shim material and the surfaces of the copper are covered by the piezoceramics. This kind of section is used to construct a bimorph transducer. PTT film is placed between the 0.9-mm-thick frame and shim, and the bimorph transducer was then attached to the frame. In the selection of materials, the most important aspects we have to consider about are the thickness, density, thermal expansion coefficient, and electrical resistivity. An adhesive is used in the construction to connect all the materials together, and an ultra-thin speaker is created by arranging in a concentric circle . OLED is used in the construction of human mobile. Its principle is that through the smallest details of chemical structure or processing make the devices lighten and display. The construction of OLED is made up of 4 sections, cathode, emissive and conductive layer, anode, and substrate. The following picture shows us the details of an OLED. According to the application, though there are many options for each layer, we choose the materials with better properties and lower price. We choose high density porous polyethylene (HDPE) as anode [18], for the reason of its high density, and for the material selection of cathode, often calcium which satisfies the conditions under the construction of OLED. The anode, of course, must be transparent so that the emitted photons can exit the device. As consider the human mobile is a flexible device [19] so we choose Polyethylene as the materials of emissive and conductive layer. When we talk about materials selection, we talk about how does this product works, what is this products function, what requirements we need to meet, what materials we choose. Table 2. Properties of the materials used in speakers Materials Density/ Kgm-3 Thermal expansion coefficient/ strainoC-1 Electrical resistivity/ ohm.cm Dielectric strength/ MVm-1 Zirconia 5.99e3-6.11e3 7.8-8.1 1e17-3.16e18 4-6 Copper 8.94e3-8.95e3 16.8-16.9 1.91-2.04 PTT 1.3e3-1.33e3 138-142 1.43e22-8.4e22 31.4-32.6 Aluminum 3.94e3-3.96e3 7.7-8.5 1e19-3.16e20 10-21 Table 3. Properties of the materials used in OLED Materials Density/ Kgm-3 Thermal expansion coefficient/ strainoC-1 Electrical resistivity/ ohm.cm Dielectric strength/ MVm-1 HDPE 920-1.24e3 176-184 2.37e23-2.13e24 24.4-29.9 Calcium 3.05e3-3.15e3 11.4-14 Polyethylene 134-160 111-123 6.31e21-4.26e22 LDPE 16-20 190-220 1e21-1e23 4-6 4.5. Pressure sensor system The pressure sensor system is used to measure the pressure parameters which are being tested, which have been divided into two parts. The first part is the main part, pressure sensor, which is made of silicon (a traditional material for sensor) aim for receiving force signal. The second part is a small microchip which process signal and send it to the CPU. The material of the second part is same as the main microchips. The whole pressure sensor system acts as a mouse to achieve the anywhere touch-screen function through visual processing lens signal. 4.6. Coating materials A coating material is used for protection. Because our products need to be implant into human the body, we need an absolutely safe coating to prevent harmful accident happening. The coating must meet the standards which are: bio-compatibility, very slow or no degradation, and good surface properties. So, a choice of three kinds of materials has been made for the customer. First of all is bio glass 8625. Secondly, a hydrophilic coating suitable for vascular implants and finally silicone. These three materials both have a long-life, comfort surface and minimized radiation, and both of them are bio-compatible. When we decide to market a product, several critical factors should be considered: The competition from other peers Define the ideal customer The unique selling proposition Testing Media campaigns Our aim is to design a human mobile, according to research. No one has invented this human mobile. Once we designed human mobile, there is no direct competition from other peers, but we should inform the customer what are the differences between our product and a conventional mobile phone, and what kinds of benefits can a customer get from this product. The cell phone in nowadays has many different functions, it is difficult to let customer accept our product. People may think we already have iPhone, why should we implant a mobile in our body. Thats why we need to define our customer, we cannot assume that all customers will accept the idea behind our product, but we can focus to a specific customer. Our product is based on convey message, GPS, WIFI and personal ID verification. Nowadays, young people are interested in new technology, and they text each other every day anytime, and are permanently connected to WIFI. So they may be curious and would like to try this new product. Moreover, they may think it is cool to implant a mobile phone into their body. The cost of the product is 689 £, which is not cheap, but nowadays, the young people would like to pay for that even they cannot afford it. The iPhone is the example. There are two main factors in unique selling propositionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡ Benefit commitment. We need to tell the customer to know what the specific functions of our product are, and what actual benefit they can get. Unique. We need to emphasise our special function that our peers dont have. This will be achieved through the advertising and news conference. Only new and unique can attract customers eye. The product must be carefully tested due to fact that it is implanted in the human body for several years. Lab test can be done to simulate the human body conditions. Also to have more prompt results and not to wait years to observe a change, more aggressive conditions can be applied during the testing. This will help define the limits of the materials and map eventual regions of the components that are more susceptible to damage than others and therefore require more frequent inspection and monitoring. 5. As a new product, the marketing questionnaire is necessary. Is it the fastest and easiest way to know the customer would accept our product or not, and which kind of people would like to buy our product. Furthermore, we can adjust and improve our product according to the feedback from the questionnaire. Media campaigns are necessary part of marketing; advertisement and news conferences are the best way to promote our product. But it requires a significant budget. However, the profit will excess what we paid for the marketing campaign. As regarding the cost, according to materials we selected, and profits that a company is required to make, the cost of our product is 689 £. The price includes the price of materials (the price of the materials are based on RS component website [20]), manufacturing and labour cost. Surgery fees are included. Also, as a new product, we dont want the price of our product excess the existing successful product, like iPhones and Samsung Galaxy series. The average price of the iPhone and Samsung is  £700. So the price we are offering it makes the customer think about what kind of features he can get with same amount of money. References [1] WhatIs.com, (2015). What is transistor? Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/transistor [accessed 7 March 2017] [2] Radio-electronics.com, (n,d). Semiconductor Materials | Types Groups Classifications | List. [online] Available at: http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/ data/semicond/semiconductor/semiconductor-materials-types-list.php [Accessed 7 March 2017] [3] Reference, (2017). Why is silicon used to make computer chips?. [online] Available at: https://www.reference.com/history/silicon-used-make-computer-chips-d8e1def4a26f18e6 [Accessed 7 March 2017] [4] Learn.sparkfun.com, (2009). Resistors. [online] Available at : https://learn. sparkfun.com/tutorials/resistors [Accessed 7 March 2017] [5] Resistorguide.com, (2012). Resistor materials  » Resistor Guide. [online] Available at: http://www.resistorguide.com/materials/ [Accessed 7 March 2017] [6] Us.schott.com, (2014). SCHOTT POWERAMICà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Glass-Ceramics: A New Class of Dielectrics for High Voltage Capacitors | SCHOTT North America. [online] Available at: http://www.us.schott.com/english/news/press.html?NID=us548 [Accessed 7 March 2017] [7] Bbc.co.uk, (2014). BBC GCSE Bitesize: Diodes. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/electronics/componentsrev6.shtml [Accessed 7 March 2017] [8] Learnabout-electronics.org, (2017). Introduction to Diodes. [online] Available at:http://www.learnabout-electronics.org/Semiconductors/diodes_20.php[Acces-sed 7 March 2017] [9] Hodgin, Rick. (2009). From sand to hand: How a CPU is made. [online] Geek.com. Available at: http://www.geek.com/chips/from-sand-to-hand-how-a-cpu-is-made-832492/ [Accessed 7 March 2017] [10] Woodford, Chris. (2016). Piezoelectricity. [online] Explainthatstuff.com. Available at: http://www.explainthatstuff.com/piezoelectricity.html [Accessed 8 March 2017] [11] Sharma, Anshul ; Kumar, Rajeev ; Vaish, Rahul ; Chauhan, Vishal S. Ferroelectrics, 04 April 2015, Vol.478(1), p.140-156 [12] Rajabi, Amir Hossein ; Jaffe, Michael ; Arinzeh, Treena Livingston. Acta Biomaterialia, 15 September 2015, Vol.24, pp.12-23 [13] Davis, S. D. ; Gibbons, D. F. ; Martin, R. L. ; Levitt, S. R. ; Smith, J. ; Harrington, R. V. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, September 1972, Vol.6(5), pp.425-449 [14] G. Arlt, H. Dederichs and R. Herbiet, 90 °-domain wall relaxation in tetragonally distorted ferroelectric ceramics, Ferroelectrics, vol. 74, pp. 37-53, 1987. [15] L. E. Cross, Ferroelectric Ceramics. eds. N. Setter and E. Colla, Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser, 1993, pp. 1-85 [16] A. G. Luchaninov, A. V. Shilnikov, L. A. Shuvalov, and I. JU. Shipkova, The domain processes and piezoeffect in polycrystalline ferroelectrics, Ferroelectrics, vol. 98, pp. 123-126, 1989. [17] H. Kawai, Y. Sasaki, T. Inoue, T. Inoi, and S. Takahashi, High-power transformer employing piezoelectric ceramics, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, vol. 35, pp. 5015-5017, Sept. 1996. [18] Yang, Y. et al.Efficient blue polymer light-emitting diodes from a series of soluble poly(paraphenylene)s.J. Appl. Phys. 79, No. 2 (1996) pp. 934-939 [19] Gustaffson, G. at al, Nature, 357 (1992) pp. 477-479 [20] http://uk.rs-online.com/web/ [Accessed 9 March 2017]

Outdoor Advertising and Product Placement Essay

The media tools that we suggest for Anlene is outdoor advertising which is under the traditional media channel. Outdoor advertising is any advertisement that publicizes the product and services at outdoor. There are more than 40 types of outdoor advertising, with billboards being the most widely recognized media. Types of outdoor advertising include bus benches billboards, taxis, poster and so on. Billboard advertising is one of the most popular ways of advertising outdoors because it seems everyone notices those big billboards when they are driving, being a passenger in a car, or walking down the street. Billboard advertising can be large and spectacular, making passenger major attention getting device. Anlene can be choosing a specific and great geographic area can works well for promoting the product. It can target the potential peoples in particular area. It is a large billboard advertising that can found in highway, traffic area, city area and so on. If Anlene can build a billboard on a potential placement, it can catch people’s attention and create a memorable impression. After them leaving the billboard, they will recall back the advertisement that driven past it. Driver must pay attention to the traffic as they travel by the billboard. Anlene can choose some area which normally occur traffic jam. When people stuck in slow-moving traffic, they will spend more time to look at the billboard. Driver usually read the billboard while passed at high speed so it should have large and clear word print or arresting image in brilliant colour. Anlene can use clear and simple billboard so that it can easily bring an impression and message to viewer. Since a billboard stay in the same place for a period of a month or more, people who drive by or walk past, they will see the same billboard a number of times. Since the people who see the billboard of Anlene number of time, it wills quickly gaining the popularity of Anlene brand. As we know, the colour of Anlene is already created an impression for customer which is green and white. Therefore, the billboard of Anlene is using green and white colour so that when driver view by far away, they automatically can notice that the billboard advertising is Anlene. Anlene can have a creative and using colour to attract the viewer, it have more impact. Digital billboard also kind of outdoor advisement, it can show the creative and the colour of Anlene to catch attention of people. But digital billboard more likely have to build in traffic area, airport and some of the place that can take a few minutes to watch it. Billboard is a 24 hour exposure advertisement, it is more catch more attention of viewer than others media tools. Product placement The second media tools we suggest for Anlene is product placement which is under alternative marketing tools. Product placement is an advertising technique used by companies to promote their products through a non-traditional advertising technique, usually through appearances in film, television, or other media. Product placements are often initiated through an agreement between a product manufacturer and the media company in which the media company receives economic benefit. A company will often pay a fee to have their product used, displayed, or significantly featured in a movie or show. Anlene companies are trying to promoting their products in popular movies and television shows. These advertisements can be seen in popular films. Due to the major success of advertising in movies and TV shows, the marketers move on to the next level and started to use web videos, video games, music videos and other entertainment mediums. Product placement offers several advantages to manufacturers, producers and movie stars. It provided Anlen companies with an opportunity to be associated with famous actors and to use movie footage and stills to conveniently advertise the products. As it pertains to the producers and actors, they earned substantial amount in fees as well as the chance to endorse brands in various film. When a star uses a branded product in a film, there’s an implied celebrity endorsement of that product. This can create a high level of awareness and a strong emotional connection to that product. A high profile star may draw more attention to Anlene product. It can change audiences purchase behaviours and creating favourable practitioners’ views on the brand. Product placement is and investment for brands that trying to reach audience. There are strong reasons for investors to expect that film product placement will increase consumer awareness of particular brand. Product placement can let people to recognize Anlene brand names that appeared in the movies. Anlene can place their product to fits with the image of film. When Anlene brand product placement is done well, it allows consumers to see the brand whether they watch their favourite film at home on television, by renting a DVD or online on their computer. The purpose is to achieving the audience exposure, attention and interest. It helps Anlene to increase their brand awareness and also make consumer create instant recognition in the media vehicle. High involvement is required to view a movie than for viewing television. A majority of movie watchers have a positive attitude toward this form of marketing communication, feeling it is preferable to commercials shown on the screen before the movie. More frequent viewers and they will enjoy movie more and pay more attention to product placement in the movie. Product and brands nowadays can expand into video games and even creating their own games. Active product placement in computer games can have positive effects. Anlene can exposure their product in a computer game can increase the brand attitude among consumers whose original attitude toward the brand is fairly low. Product placement within computer games has been found to be an effective mean of building high brand recall and even of influencing consumers less positively predisposed toward the brand.