Little Rectangles

Little Rectangles How smart am I? I feel like I’ve asked myself this question a thousand times since I’ve arrived at MIT, but it’s never phrased exactly like that. “How can I be so stupid?” is common. “Why can’t I get this? Everyone else can”, makes an appearance. Or maybe the fun one, “Why do I even try?”. I wouldn’t consider myself much of a sharer. On the blogs I mostly like to talk about MIT as a physical entity. “Look at this cool thing MIT did”, or “This is what MIT looks like”. This is not that blog. I’ve been marinating this post all semester, so it’s always sort of been at the back of my mind. It started as snippits and sentences that came to me when I was walking to class or sorting books in the library. Then I began adding larger chunks and incoherent paragraphs over the past few weeks. And now here we are. Welcome to the Thoughts of Taylor. I want to talk about integrals. I’m pretty sure a lot of you nerds who read these blogs know what an integral is, but my mom, who also reads these blogs, does not. So for Mom V. (3), here’s a crash course. First you have an arbitrary function. Let’s say you’re plotting the velocity of something as it moves for a set amount of time. You went for a run, and you were wearing a fancy Fitbit, so you were able to keep track of your speed at any given time during the run. If you plotted every single one of those points, it would form a curve like this: (Note the civilized metric units) But let’s say that you didn’t care about how fast you were going at any given time. You just wanted to know how far you had run (pretend the fancy Fitbit only tracks speed, not distance). Taking the integral of your speed-time graph will do just that. An integral is just a fancy way of saying, “find the area underneath the curve”: But area is length times height, right? Here the length is straight, but the height is all curvy. Now what? This is the beauty of an integral. You take the large, oddly-shaped area under the curve and zoom in: And then keep zooming in: And then suddenly, if you zoom in far enough, the curve isn’t a curve anymore, it’s a line. And you know what to do with lines, you multiply the length times height. So you can calculate the area of that little rectangle. And then you move a little farther in the x direction, and you add that little rectangle, too. And then you keep going, and keep adding little rectangles, and suddenly the large, complicated problem is just a simple sum of a lot of little rectangles. Your run is no longer a start and an end, but a million little slices of area in between: Cool. Now we all know integrals. So what? I don’t want to be super dramatic and say something like, “Life is an integral”, but like, life is an integral. Or maybe it’s just MIT that’s an integral, and once I graduate I’ll discover that life is actually a derivative or something (@Mom V. a derivative is the opposite of an integral, so this is a joke because then it would be like my time at MIT prepared me for the wrong thing and then when I get thrown out into the cold, cold world graduate I’ll be completely lost and confused. Ha. Ha.) One part I didn’t mention was the y-intercept. This is where the function crosses the vertical axis. This intercept is also the height of our first little rectangle. In the running example, this would be your starting speed. If you believe me for a second and pretend that my time at MIT can be plotted in Cartesian coordinates, that first little rectangle represents the baseline education I had when I started college. I arrived on campus with a relatively small first rectangle, but I didn’t know it until I saw everyone else’s at Orientation. Some people came to MIT with an incredibly high y-intercept. Their first little rectangle wasn’t little at all. It was a huge rectangle, filled in with AP classes and Math Olympiads and coding experience and perfect SAT scores.   Every time I looked at mine, it seemed to shrink a bit more. Especially once classes started and all I could see was a lot of Big Rectangles in the front row of the lecture hall, answering the professors questions when I barely could follow along, and acing tests that I struggled to even finish on time. It was clear that my self- taught calculus and 9th grade biology knowledge was not going to cut it anymore. I set about trying to hide my Little Rectangle. What if they find out you don’t belong here? - Sometimes I feel dumb; other times I am just completely, objectively dumb. One highlight/lowlight was staying up until 7 AM to finish a pset 7 days early, because I forgot to check the date written at the top of the page and thought it was due the next day: After some sleep, I had a good laugh. Eventually though, it hit me how sad the whole situation was. The pset took me all night to complete because I got caught up by a couple concepts that we hadn’t covered in class yet, and would be discussing in next lecture. It had never even crossed my mind that the reason I felt like I’d never seen the material before was because I had, in fact, never seen the material before. Instead, I berated myself for not paying close enough attention, for not understanding, for being too slow. Why can’t you get this? I wish I could say this was the first time I did the wrong pset, but that would be a lie. I really need to check the due dates on those things. I also really need to stop equating understanding with intelligence. - That’s what has been hardest for me to remember. That not understanding something doesn’t mean I’m not learning anything at all. It doesn’t mean I’m not intelligent, it doesn’t mean I’m going to fail. It just means that I need to find a way to understand. Freshman Taylor did not get this at all. Sure, I learned a lot. I learned so much that some days I actually didn’t know if I could cram any more into my brain. Everyday I was adding a little more to my row of rectangles. However, I still wasn’t judging my progress on a day-to-day basis. I was looking at the Big Rectangles. I was looking at my Little Rectangle. I was looking far, far down the x-axis to where I wanted to end up and forgetting that I wasn’t going to get there in one step. I felt so far behind and I was mad at myself for not learning fast enough; for struggling so much when it felt like I shouldn’t. Why can’t you figure this out on your own? - That’s the story of the GIRs. I convinced myself it would be okay once I started my major. I did a UROP over the summer and fell in love with mechanical engineering. I thought that this would make it easier. I thought maybe Sophomore year would be better. If freshman year was a firehose, sophomore fall became a flash flood. Failed tests and dropped psets and confusing lectures kept raining down on my head as I desperately tried to stay afloat. I got that email a couple of days after the second exam. I had dropped two psets and a class just to put every waking moment into this class. I took to walking around campus with an open notebook so I could squeeze in a few more statics equations between lectures. I would sit alone, late into the night, spending hours and hours on a single question, only to eventually turn in the problem set incomplete. Basketball practice became an inconvenience that made me late to office hours on Thursdays. It got to the point where I would literally dream of stress and strain problems, and wake up panicking in the middle of the night because I had messed up a free-body diagram. Apparently none of that mattered, because I was still failing. Why is this so difficult for you? Everyone else understands…. maybe you just aren’t smart enough. - And now back to the rectangles. Throughout all of my struggles the first two years, I never realized that the problem wasn’t my Little Rectangle. I probably wasn’t ever even that far behind, but I had convinced myself that I was, so I tried to hide it. I would spend hours on a problem before I asked for help. Even if I was completely lost in recitation, I would never raise my hand and ask the TA for clarification. I was determined to do everything myself, because up until this point in my life, I had never encountered a problem that I couldn’t solve by outworking it. I was focused on the big picture, this vague notion of “being smart”, and not on the only aspect of my academic life I could actually control- the production of those incremental rectangles. - Freshman year was a struggle in more ways than just academic. For the first time in my life, even basketball was hard. There was an entirely new system of offense and defense to learn, and many days it just wouldn’t click for me. I had to think so much on the court I could barely move. I was frozen in place, my mind racing to remember the steps to the complicated dance of screens and cuts and post-ups, all of which had to be coordinated with four other people simultaneously. I couldn’t do anything right. The sport I loved had turned into yet another impossible pset, and I was behind again. Wow, something else you can’t do. Shocking. Basketball is probably what grounded me in the long run, though. Much like life and MIT, basketball is, (say it with me), an integral. And even if I didn’t realize this academically, it started to make sense in my athletic life. On the basketball team we call this day-by-day process of making rectangles “controlling the controllables”. Instead of focusing on some far-off, lofty goal of a championship, every day you go to practice. And every practice you ask yourself, “What can I do today to get just a little better today than I was yesterday?”. Maybe today I want to make sure I box out every single time a shot goes up. Maybe today I want to execute my spot in all of the plays perfectly. Even that can be broken down further- I’m going to cut hard on this play. I’ll focus on this drill, on this possession. In this moment, I’m going to get a little better. And eventually all of those days, all of those little moments, every single box out and cut and screen, all (hopeful ly) add up to your end goal of a championship. This made so much sense to me in the setting of Rockwell Cage. However, it’s a bit harder to track progress this clearly in academics. How can you really tell if you’re better at thermodynamics today than you were yesterday? To be completely honest, I don’t know. Theoretically you should be able to judge your academic progress by tests, but that seems like the easy way out. That’s like jumping from the start of the season to the championship, and forgetting every practice in between. That’s like looking back judging yourself based on your Little Rectangle, and ignoring all of the other rectangles you’ve made since. When you bomb an exam, maybe that’s when it’s time to think about the integral and not the rectangles for a minute. It’s reassuring to be able to step back and look at the sum of the parts sometimes. Because even if you fail the test or lose the championship, all of those rectangles still add up to something. - And now we’re going to wrap up the whole Big/Little Rectangle saga. (Stage fright is only part of the reason why the Thoughts of Taylor rarely makes an appearance; meandering is a big factor). As a junior, I’m so far along the x-axis of MIT I don’t even notice my Little Rectangle anymore. The problem now is I forget that I have any rectangles at all. I know I still need to work on this. There are only so many hours in the day, and if you spend half of them struggling on a pset for a single class because you’re convinced you should just be able to get it, and you have three other classes, and you’re trying to play sports/look for internships/have friends/eat and sleep sometimes this is unsustainable and I have learned that the hard way. I know I still need to work on this. I’m still self-conscious when it takes me longer to understand something than it does for my classmates. I still compare my progress to others. I need to ask more questions. l need to remind myself that being confused by a lecture or struggling with a problem doesn’t define me. Even if I don’t have a rectangle to show for the day, I still have all of those other rectangles behind me, proving that I’ve understood a lot of lectures and I’ve finished a lot of problems. I know all of this is true, or at least somewhat true, but I’m still not convinced. I’ve spent the last three years telling myself to just keep going, just keep working harder, and it will get better. It sounded desperate for a while, and now it’s just a whisper it will get better it will get better it will get better itwillgetbetteritwillgetbetter. After a certain point it just sounds hollow. But in the meantime, maybe throwing my insecurities into the depths of the Internet is a step in the right direction: “Hey everyone, look at my Little Rectangle! There are a lot of things I don’t know. I’ve failed tests and dropped classes. Sometimes IHTFP. Sometimes I really HTFP.” That felt good. Post Tagged #GIRs #IHTFP

Psychology Psychodynamic And Behavioral Perspectives

In psychology there are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining the human behavior. I believe to truly explain the complex mental processes and behavior, each perspective must be examined and not limited to just one. The following is my explanation and comparisons between two of these perspectives: psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives pertaining to the article in the American Psychologist October 2000, Hunger, Eating, and I11 Health, by John P. J. Pinel, Sunaina Assanand, and Darrin R. Lehman. The behavioral view is defined as the psychological perspective that emphasizes the power of the environment to influence behavior. The behavioral view is often referred to as behaviorism and was developed by psychologists who disagreed with the cognitive view. Instead of looking at the mental processes, behaviorists look at humans externally by observing the effects of people, objects, and events on behavior. The stimulus-response connection, developed by behaviorists, explains human behavior by stating that each response has a stimulus. An example would be a hunger (the stimulus) causing a person to eat (the response). True behaviorists claim that thoughts, feelings, and motives do not play a role in determining behavior. Thoughts and feelings are not the cause, but the result. B. F. Skinner is quoted as saying, TheShow MoreRelatedPerspectives of Psychology1141 Words   |  5 PagesPerspectives of Psychology Psychology can be defined as the systematic study of mental processes, couple with behaviors, and experiences (Kalat, 2011). There are many ways in examining, mental processes and behaviors among people, and therefore psychologist uses different perspectives to understand how human beings, think, act, and behave. 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The Mozart Effect and Infant Intelligence - 1408 Words

In modern society intelligence is highly competitive and subject to scrutiny; therefore, it is understandable that a child’s intelligence is a primary concern for many parents. The Mozart effect, popularised in the 1990s, resulted in many parents believing that simply exposing their child to music composed by Mozart would improve their intelligence (Campbell, 1997). The claim was founded by research published in the journal Nature, which suggested that spatial reasoning could be temporarily enhanced by listening to one of Mozart’s compositions for ten minutes (Rauscher, Shaw Ky, 1993). It will be argued that there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that playing Mozart to babies will increase their intelligence. Firstly, the†¦show more content†¦A study intending to emulate the results expressed in the original study was performed on preschool aged children exposing them to similar variables as those in the original study (Hui, 2007). The study sho wed no empirical evidence that listening to Mozart is more beneficial for children than ulterior conditions (Hui, 2007). This disproves the belief that listening to Mozart makes a child smarter also making the generalization from the Rauscher et al (1993) inconclusive. There are also a number of other factors that have been overlooked when comparing the finding of the original study to the Mozart effect in children. Another discerning factor expressed in the original study was the test used to assess intelligence between the participants. The portion of the Stanford-Binet test used in the original study focuses on one aspect of intelligence, namely, spatial reasoning (Rauscher et al, 1993). Therefore, it would be invalid to assume that high scores on this specific test delineate an increase in overall general intelligence. 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State Policy Affect on the Family (Uk) Free Essays

Using information from Items B and C and elsewhere, examine the ways in which state policy may affect families and households State policy has an influence on families and households through the laws the government create, and the messages certain policies give. Item B says that â€Å"The state has intervened significantly in families for a considerable length of time†, showing how the government considers it part of their responsibility for the families of Britain. However, the state has been accused of not doing enough to protect the traditional nuclear family. We will write a custom essay sample on State Policy Affect on the Family (Uk) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some commentators have suggested that some liberal state policies, especially those introduced in the 1960’s (such as the 1969 divorce act and the legalisation of homosexuality in 1967), are responsible for the perceived decline in traditional family values. Those who claim that the family is in decline can be grouped under the label ‘New right’. They are usually conservative thinkers and politicians who believe strongly in tradition and dislike change. They believe that there was a ‘golden age’ of the family, in which husbands and wives were strongly committed to each other for life, and children were brought up to respect their parents, the authority, and the law. Item B says that â€Å"conservative thinkers tend to believe that there has not been enough state input into protecting the traditional family, or that state interference has actually contributed to the families decline by encouraging the development of ‘deviant’ living arrangements. They believe that equal opportunities and the equal pay legislation distracted women from their ‘natural’ careers as mothers and wives. They say that the 1969 divorce reform act undermined the commitment to marriage and that homosexuality is ‘unnatural’ and deviant. However, some state policies have tried to uphold the traditional family. Tax and welfare policies have generally favoured and encouraged heterosexual married couples rather th an cohabiting couples, single parents and same-sex couples. Graham Allen (1985) said that there policies have discouraged cohabitation and lone-parent families. Policies such as the payment of child benefit to the mother, and the government’s reluctance to fund free universal nurseries, have reinforced the idea that it is the woman (mother) who should take prime responsibility for the children. Also, the fact a coordinated set of family policies was not introduced until 1999 may reflect the state’s tendency to see the family as a private institution, and therefore reluctance to interfere. Nevertheless, the New right still think that government policies have damaged the nuclear family ideal. They claim that the government has encouraged women to return to work, and therefore ‘damaged’ children by ‘maternal deprivation’. Morgan (2000) even suggests that the government is ‘anti marriage’, and that the government is responsible for ‘deviant’ family types. Item C says that Dr Adrian Rodgers, of the group Family Focus, says that ‘homosexual couples cannot be defined as families- the basis of true love is the ability to procreate and have children’. The government has also had a positive effect on the individuals within the family. Conservative government made marital rape illegal in 1991, and the children’s acts (e. 1989) have increased rights for women and children within the family. Many people believe that this has strengthened the family, although others believe that this had undermined traditional male dominance within the family. Feminists say that the male dominance within the family is called priv ate patriarchy, and in order to eradicate male dominance in society, we must first eradicate private patriarchy, which several state policies have attempted to do. In 2003, Labour appointed a Minister for children, and in 2007 they formed the Department for Children, Schools and Families. Lewis (2007) says that Labour have taken a ‘social investment in children’ and have increasingly recognized that family forms are changing. Lone mothers are no longer condemned as a moral problem and threat. Labour introduced policies such as the New Deal of 1998 to help lone mothers get back into work. They have also invested in subsidies for nursery childcare, lengthened maternity leave from 14 weeks to 9 months, and introduced the right for parents of young children to ask for flexible working patterns from their employers. However, this has attracted criticism that it is undermining family privacy and has constructed a ‘nanny state’ which over interferes in personal living arrangements. Furthermore, the government is still accused of conforming to familial ideology (the ‘ideal’ family; the preferred model is the traditional nuclear family with a clear sexual division of labour) in that the policy emphasis is still overwhelmingly on motherhood rather than parenting in general and fatherhood, for example in the way that there are limited rights of fathers to take paid paternity leave. Feminists have claimed that familial ideology is merely a patriarchal ideology, which ensures male dominance in the workplace. Oakley says that the government (and society) has the view that women have a maternal instinct, which follows on from the view that women, who choose not to have children, are ‘deviant’. In conclusion, the state has created many policies which affect families and households. The government can be seen to be encouraging marriage and discouraging cohabitation. Item C says that Lord Nicholls says that the family bond must be of a â€Å"relationship which is permanent or at least intended to be so†. Fox Harding (1996) argues that the best council housing is often allocated to married couples with children and the worst housing on ‘problem’ estates are allocated to lone-parent families. This suggests that the tradition nuclear family is the dominant family type, and the government discouraged other types of families. The state has also encouraged families to take responsibility for the elderly and long-term sick/disabled. Female members of the family often carry the burden of this care, which means they are less likely to work full time and are more likely to be economically dependent on a man. This suggests that the government is reinforcing the traditional sexual division of labour. The new right say that the family is decline, but it may just be that it is simply changing, and the government changes its policies in accordance to how families change or need to be changed for the better. How to cite State Policy Affect on the Family (Uk), Essays

Name Essays (2396 words) - Hematology, Medicine, RTT,

Name Instructor Course Date Diseases notebook Disease: Chronic Blood Loss Anemia -2286004000500 Description: Anemia can be defined as a reduction in the quantity of the pigment carrying pigment known as hemoglobin in the circulating blood. The main part of the red blood cells is the hemoglobin given that it binds oxygen. If a person has too few or abnormal red blood cells then the body will not get enough oxygen. Causes: The most common cause of this anemia is excessive bleeding. When the body loses blood, the body pulls water from the tissues that are out the bloodstream to keep the blood vessels filled. This makes the blood to be diluted and hematocrit is reduced. Course/ Symptoms: The symptoms of this disease include fatigue, pale or yellowish skin, weakness, irregular heartbeats, chest pains, dizziness or lightheadedness, headache, cold hands and feet. Test/Diagnosis/ laboratory findings: The diagnostic studies include redistribution of red blood cells width, peripheral blood smear, and corrected reticulocytes index. Any other testing is guided by the results of the studies. Treatment/Prognosis: The treatment will involve first of all finding the source of the bleeding and stopping it. Transfusion of the red blood cells is needed in this case. If the blood loss is slow then the body may produce enough blood cells that corrects the anemia without blood transfusion. The people who have anemia need to take iron supplements for several months. The iron tablets come in terms of tablets. Recent advancement in treatment of this disease is the use of recombinant human erythropoietin Disease: Aplastic Anemia -2286004000500 Description: Aplastic anemia can be described as a condition occurring when the body stops producing enough new blood cells. This disease leaves the body fatigued and with a high risk of uncontrolled bleeding and infections. In plastic anemia the bone marrow is described as hypoplastic or aplastic in medical terms. Prevalence: Aplastic anemia can develop at any age. It can occur slowly and get worse as time goes by. Causes This disease develops when there is a damage in the bone marrow, hence shutting down the production of new blood cells. The bone marrows are found inside the bones and they produce stem cells Course/ Symptoms: The symptoms of aplastic anemia includes shortness of breath with exertion, fatigue, irregular or rapid heart rate, prolonged or frequent infections, pale skin, easy or unexplained bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, bleeding gums or nosebleeds, dizziness, skin rash and headache. The disease progresses slowly over weeks or months or in some cases it can come suddenly. The experience of the illness may be acute or chronic. There are cases that it can be severe or fatal. Test/Diagnosis/ laboratory findings: Aplastic anemia can be diagnosed by blood tests, normally the white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells are always in the same range. Aplastic anemia may be suspected when all the three are at a low level. It can be diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy, here the doctor removes the bone marrow sample and is examined under a microscope to rule out the other blood related diseases. In the plastic anemia disease the bone marrow contains few blood cells than the normal level. Treatment/Prognosis: Aplastic anemia can be treated by the observation of the mild cases, blood transfusions and serious cases are treated by medications. The severe cases will involve marrow transplantation. There are cases where blood cell counts are low and is life threatening, these cases requires immediate hospitalization for the treatment to take place. Blood transfusion is not a cure for this disease but it relieves the signs and symptoms. Immunosuppressants involve drugs altering or suppressing the immune system, this is for the people who cannot undergo a bone marrow transplant. Disease: B Thalassemia -2286004000500 Description: B Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by less hemoglobin and few red blood cells in the body than the normal. Hemoglobin allows the carrying of oxygen in the red blood cells. Few red blood cells and low hemoglobin can cause anemia in some cases leaving you fatigued. Causes : The biggest cause of B Thalassemia is the mutation of the DNA cells making hemoglobin. This mutation is passed from the parents to the

Living on your own

Living on your own Free Online Research Papers As an adolescent growing up, I learned part of becoming a mature adult is learning how to be self independent. For example, one way to experience self independency is when you attend college away from home and you no longer have the guidance you did in high school. In college, you are no longer in the confinement of your parents’ rules or boundaries. For instance, when you lived at home and your parents might have repeatedly told you to come home by a certain time when you went out: when in college you can come and leave as you please without paying any consequences. Also, while living on a school campus, it is more convenient to get to your classes because you do not have to travel via bus or mass transit to get school to attend your classes. However, while living at home and going to college, commuting will take some time and may cause you to be late or absent for some of your classes. Living at home with your parents can also benefit you financially while going to college. At home, you maybe fortunate to have home cooked meals and your room is already provided for. While living on a college campus, you must pay for a dorm room which is in most cases costly. In addition, the cost of meals on campus in comparison to home is also much more expensive. Also, when living at home as a college freshman, your parents usually provide you with basic necessities on a daily basis and you do not have to pay for it. While this maybe true, when attending college you have the support of those at home but you are required to be more independent as you do not have the ones at home immediately available to provide for you. In conclusion, if you want to become a mature independent adult, you must first learn how to live on your own. College is the perfect experience to test your maturity. Research Papers on Living on your ownPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtStandardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayTwilight of the UAW

3 Easy Ways to Supplement Your Freelance Writing Income

3 Easy Ways to Supplement Your Freelance Writing Income All it takes is a willingness to do some writing projects that may not be particularly well-paying, exciting or creative, but can bring in enough extra dollars to keep you going between projects. Outlined below are three ways you can explore temporary and one-time jobs. Utilize Craigslist in Multiple Cities Search for one-time writing gigs on Craigslist, and search for jobs in cities outside of your geographical area. Here is a simple way to bookmark the classified pages for jobs listed in any city, using the city of Chicago as an example: 1) Type Chicago craigslist in your browser bar2) Click on Classifieds: Jobs. Bookmark the page (I have 22 major cities bookmarked.)3) Scroll down the â€Å"jobs† category and click on â€Å"writing/editing.† If you don’t find anything of interest, go back to the jobs page, scroll to the bottom of the category listing and click on â€Å"Gigs.  Ã‚     Craigslist is free; try posting your services under â€Å"Resume† and troll for jobs in major cities.   Create an Account at Amazon Mechanical Turk Sign up to be a â€Å"turker† on the Mechanical Turk Welcome Page. This division of Amazon.com employs people to do a variety of tasks, including writing, for hundreds of clients. The easiest way to learn the ropes, get advice and learn shortcuts is to join Turker Nation. This free forum provides great tips about which writing and editing tasks to choose. The downside to turking is that you forfeit all copyrights to what you have written. However, most writing tasks involve nothing more than a few paragraphs describing a place or a product. You choose to get paid via PayPal or an Amazon.com gift card. The other appealing aspect of turking is that there are a variety of non-writing tasks you can do- some can even be done while you watch television. I sometimes take several short surveys a day, and Collect brochures, business cards, fliers and marketing materials from local businesses. Review the documents. Note editing suggestions, or rewrite any text that is grammatically incorrect or just plain clunky. (Don’t edit or rewrite the entire piece; do just enough to illustrate how a professional touch can make a difference.) Go to the business owner and present your ideas; suggest that you would be willing to edit or rewrite portions that would help them advertise their business more profitably, or that would help present their business to the public in a more professional light. Be willing to do the work for less than your normal fee. Many small business owners don’t have polished advertising materials because they couldn’t afford it in the first place. Ask that your services be recommended to other local businesses.